univariate statistical analysis

Question 1

hypothesis

Answer 1

a proposed explanation for a phenomenon

Question 2

null hypothesis

Answer 2

asserts that any change from what has thought to be true will be due entirely to random sampling error

Question 3

alternative hypothesis

Answer 3

a statement indicating the opposite of the null hypothesis

Question 4

the decision rule

Answer 4

• the critical probability in choosing between the null and alternative hypothesis
• the probability level that is too low (e.g. less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence level) to warrant support of the null hypothesis - that is to reject the null hypothesis when the significance value is less then 0.05

Question 5

Type 1 error

Answer 5

reject null hypothesis when it is true

Question 6

type 2 error

Answer 6

accept hypothesis when it is false

Question 7

choosing the appropriate statistical technique

Answer 7

1) type of questions to be answered
2) number of variables
3) scale of measurement

Question 8

parametric procedures

Answer 8

• ratio scale data
• interval scale data
• large sample size
• normal distribution assumption

Question 9

non parametric procedures

Answer 9

• nominal scale data
• ordinal scale data
• distribution free

Question 10

t distribution

Answer 10

. it has a mean of zero and a standard deviation equal to one
- provides a mathmatical way of determining if the difference between the two sample means occurred by chance

Question 11

one sample t test

Answer 11

compares the mean of a single sample to a known or hypothised value
- e.g. comparing sample mean to a neutral value on a 5-point scale
- null = the population mean is equal to a specified value

Question 12

Chi-square test for goodness of fit

Answer 12

• determines whether the difference between the observed and expected frequency distribution can be attributed to sampling variation