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Universe Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Big Bang Theory proponent

A

Father Georges Henri Lemaitre

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2
Q

Origin of the Universe

A

Mythologies, Biblical, Scientific

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3
Q

ordinary matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons that comprises atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, and other bodies (visible matter)

A

Baryonic Matter

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4
Q

matter that has gravity but do not emit light

A

Dark matter

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5
Q

the distance light can travel in a year; unit of length used to measure astronomical distance

A

Light Years

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6
Q

a source of anti-gravity; a force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand (proof: objects in the space are moving away from each other

A

Dark Energy

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7
Q

an early stage in the formation of a star resulting from the gravitational collapse of gases

A

Protostar

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8
Q

a nuclear fusion reaction responsible for the energy produced by the stars

A

Thermonuclear reaction

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9
Q

stars that fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores, outward pressure resulting from nuclear fusion is balanced by gravitational forces

A

Main Sequence Stars

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10
Q

smallest possible particle of matter

A

Quark

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11
Q

happens when Earth finishes one rotation

A

Extinction

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12
Q

a sign of typhoon in other planets

A

Red Spot

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13
Q

years to complete 1 revolution

A

2 billion years

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14
Q

composition of the universe

A

4.6% Baryonic Matter
26% Dark Matter
71.4% Dark Energy

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15
Q

Abundant elements

A

hydrogen, helium and oxygen

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16
Q

A sign that an object you are observing is moving away from you

A

Cosmological Red Shift

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17
Q

Remnants heat of the big bang

A

Cosmic Microwave Background

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18
Q

A vast empty space that consists of stars, nebulae, and other matter.

A

Universe

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19
Q

All started with a tiny, dense point that is packed with pure energy

A

Big Bang Theory

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20
Q

strengthen Big Bang

A

Oscillating Universe

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21
Q

The universe expanded but didn’t change its density

A

Steady State Theory

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22
Q

The universe is continuously expanding until time; Movement of the universe is said to be infinite

A

Inflationary Universe

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23
Q

inflation of the universe will stop

A

Big Freeze

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24
Q

the universe is just a clump, then it expanded (inflationary) then stopped (big freeze), but a gravity forced it to be crumpled.

A

Big Crump

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25
There are multiple universe that are in existence like tiny bubbles in an open space
Multiverse
26
Distortion formed by mass
Gravity
27
Existence of charges was known even the existence of sub-atomic particles were discovered
Electromagnetic Force
28
repel the electron to nucleus
Weak Force
29
proton + neutron/nucleus
Strong Force
30
where the neutrons and protons are stored and they also make up most of the mass.
Nucleus
31
Another smaller particle was found which held the protons and neutrons together without repulsion
Pions
32
works like a particle collider, it has to reduce your body in subatomic pieces; however, since the strong forces has been disrupted, it is virtually impossible to bring back your structure
Teleportation
33
basic forces of nature are all combined in a single, powerful force; due to immense tension and energy, eventually they had to separate
PLANCK’S ERA
34
Plancks' Era time
(0 – 10^-43 secs)
35
“Grand Unification Theory”; Gravity was divided from the group being the weakest force. As a result, cooling took place and a blanket of fog covers all space.
Gut Era
36
Gut Era time
(10^-43 – 10^-36 secs)
37
ELECTROWEAK ERA time
(10^-36 – 10^-10 secs)
38
The universe’s temperature cooled at approximate 10 K, the strong force became separate allowing condensation of the first particles formed
Electroweak Era
39
The basic forces were finally separated from one another, sub-atomic particles start to form because of the cooling. However, the formation was still unstable due to the presence of high energy
Particle Era
40
Particle Era Time
(10^-10 – 10^-3 secs)
41
ub-atomic particles went on to form heaver particles. Collectively, it is called as an ATOM/ The first element accidentally made was Hydrogen followed by Helium
Nucleosynthesis Era
42
Nucleosynthesis era time
(10^-3 secs – 3 mins)
43
the problem is the universe though cooled, is still hot to form stable atoms. Isotopes freely move through space. The free particles and photons were trapped within this hot ball of gas. After the universe has cooled more, the hot ball of gas disappeared, and the trapped photons are free, “Let there be light”
Nuclei Era
44
Nuclei Era time
(3 mins – 500,000 years)
45
formation and death of stars took place. Also the start of the formation of galaxies
Atomic Era
46
Atomic Era time
(500,000 – 1 billion years)
47
Galactic Era time
(1 billion years – present time)
48
the forces has been distributed throughout the universe. Matter is still made up to this point.
Galactic Era
49
Evidences that support Big Bang Theory
Edwin Hubble, CMB, Abundance of helium and hydrogen in the universe
50
observed that the stars were away from its original position; concluded that galaxies are not stationary at all but constantly moving.
Edwin Hubble
51
a radiation from outer space was observed which was said to be a relic from the initial expansion of the singularity; supports the high temperature that the universe had during the first events of the Big Bang.
CMB
52
first elements formed
Hydrogen and helium
53
A group of astronomical bodies bonded together by the gravitational pull of a star called Sun
Solar System
54
Another name for Sun
Sol
55
Revolution of 88 days
Mercury
56
1k temperature swings from day to night because there is no atmosphere to trap heat
Mercury
57
1/3 of Earth’s size
Mercury
58
1/3 of Earth’s distance from the Sun (0.39 Astronomical Unit)
Mercury
59
Retrograde rotation – sun rises in the west and sets in the east
Venus
60
900 F at the surface due to a strong greenhouse effect
Venus
61
No moon
Venus
62
Revolution of 225 days
Venus
63
About same size as Earth
Venus
64
2/3 Earth’s distance (0.72 AU)
Venus
65
Only planet known to support life
Earth
66
Surface composed of 71% liquid water
Earth
67
necessary for life on Earth
Earth
68
Basis for the astronomical unit
Earth
69
Natural Satellite (Luna)
Earth
70
also known as Luna
Earth
71
Appears red because of iron oxide or rust in its soil
Mars
72
Has 2 moons
Mars
73
2 moons of Mars
Deimos and Phobos
74
Revolution of 2 years
Mars
75
½ of Earth’s size
Mars
76
1 ½ times as far from the sun (1.52 AU)
Mars
77
Largest, most massive planet
Jupiter
78
2 years to orbit the sun
Jupiter
79
Has 17 known moons
Jupiter
80
11 times larger than Earth
Jupiter
81
5 times farther form the sun (5.19 AU)
Jupiter
82
79 natural satellites
Jupiter
83
Artificial satellite of Jupiter; legal wife of Jupiter
Junio
84
Many ice rings made of ice that extends about 260,000 miles from the surface but are less than 1 mile thick
Saturn
85
19 known moons
Saturn
86
30 years to orbit the sun
Saturn
87
10 times larger than Earth
Saturn
88
10x further from the sun (9.5 AU)
Saturn
89
82 satellites
Saturn
90
Named from a Greek God
Uranus
91
21 known moons
Uranus
92
84 years to complete one orbit
Uranus
93
4x larger than Earth
Uranus
94
19x farther from the sun (19.1 AU)
Uranus
95
27 satellites
Uranus

Earth Science (2 decks)

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