Unself(1) Flashcards by Karyle Estemado

Being yourself is the prettiest thing a person can do

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“Knowing
yourself is the
beginning of
all wisdom”

Aristotle

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“Knowing others is
intelligence; knowing
yourself is true wisdom.
Mastering others is
strength; mastering
yourself is true power”

Lao Tzu

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Prior the birth of science, __________was man’s main tool in investigating
and understanding the self [and the
world].

Philosophy

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“The unexamined life is
not worth living. . .
“

Socrates

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Core of Socratic ethics

*Concept of virtue and knowledge

Virtue-deepest and most basic propensity [strong
natural tendency to do something] of man

Self-knowledg e- is
the source of all
wisdom

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“It is a crime against
dignity to use others for
external purpose. . .”

Immanuel Kant

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“The first and greatest
victory is to conquer
yourself . . .
“

Plato

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“Cogito,ergo sum . . .
“

Rene Descartes

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“I never can catch myself
at any time without a
perception. . .”

David Hume
*what we call the self is really just “a bundle or collection of
different perceptions which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity.

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“Cogito,ergo sum . . .
“

Give the english version

I think, therefore I am

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“No man’s knowledge can
go beyond his
experience…
“

John Locke

*Conscious awareness and memory of previous
experiences are the keys to understanding the self

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6 Philosophers we tackled in Philosophical view of self

Socrates
Plato
Immanuel Kant
Rene Descartes
John Locke
David Hume

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“God created man in His image; in the divine image He
created him; male and female He created them. God
blessed them, saying, “Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth
and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish and the sea,
the birds in the air, and all the living things that move on
the earth.”

Genesis 1:24-28

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“The measure of love is to love without measure. . .”

St. Augustine of Hippo

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f a t h e r o f
psychoanalysis, he believed the
unconscious mind shaped
personality

Sigmund Freud
1856-1939

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The most
controversial part of Sigmund Freud work

Theory of psychosexual development

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Freud proposed a ________ of the mind which describes its
structure and function.

Topographical model (1900,1905

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Freud’s iceberg
analogy depicts three levels:

(1) the
conscious
(2) the preconscious or
subconscious, and
(3) the unconscious

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According to Freud, the third level___________is the most significant
region of the mind which houses
mental processes that constitute most
of an individual’s behavior

Unconscious

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His psychoanalysis technique was
designed to make the unconscious
conscious

Sigmund Freud

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Freud later developed a more structural
model of the mind or psyche consisting of
three entities: (1)
_______, (2) ______, and (3) _________ ; collectively, referred to as the ____________

Id
Ego
Superego

*Psychic Apparatus

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is responsible for our biological instincts or
drives (pleasure principle)

Id (From unconscious level)

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is responsible
for satisfying the demands of the id, but in a safe and socially acceptable manner
(reality principle)

Ego (Operating in both the conscious and
unconscious levels)

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ensures that morality is followed (morality principle)

Superego

5 STAGES OF FREUD’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

- Oral Stage - Anal Stage - Phallic Stage - Latent Stage - Genital Stag

___________ or sexual energy, accumulating in the id

Libido

Libido is released through activities specific to________, distinct in every phase of our psychosexual development

erogenous zones

Tension from buildup of this sexual energy causes__________. To avoid or resolve________, our libido must be released as we mature biologically

conflict

- Birth to 1 year - Erogenous zone: mouth - Libidinal discharge: tasting, biting, sucking, breastfeeding, swallowing, etc. - Id is present at birth - Fixation cause: forceful feeding, deprivation, early weaning

1. Oral Stage

Unsatisfied or overly satisfied libido cause ________, which may then lead to some obsessive and unhealthy aspects of personality

fixation

1. Oral Stage - Birth to ______ - Erogenous zone: _______ - Libidinal discharge: tasting, _______, sucking, ________, swallowing, etc. - _____ is present at birth - Fixation cause: forceful feeding, _________, early weaning

*1 * mouth * biting, breastfeeding * Deprivation

- 1 to 3 years - Erogenous zone: anus - Libidinal discharge: withholding or expelling feces - Ego has developed from id - Fixation cause: too harsh or too lax in toilet training

2. Anal Stage

2. ANAL STAGE - Age? - Erogenous zone: _____ - Libidinal discharge: withholding or ____________ - ______ has developed from id - Fixation cause: __________ or ___________

*1-3 years *Anus * Expelling feces *Ego *too harsh or too lax in toilet training

What is the first stage in Psychosexual Development?

1. Oral stage

- 3 to 6 years - Erogenous zone: penis/clitoris - Libidinal discharge: masturbation - Superego develops - Fixation cause: abnormal family setup leading to unusual relationship with mother/father

3. Phallic Stage

3. PHALLIC STAGE - Age? - Erogenous zone: __________ - Libidinal discharge: _______________ - _________ develops - Fixation cause: abnormal family setup leading to unusual relationship with mother/father

*3-6 years old *Penis/Clitoris *masturbation *superego

What is the last stage of psychosexual development?

5. Genital stage

- 6 years to puberty - Erogenous zone: none - Libidinal discharge: little to no sexual motivation present - Sexual energy is repressed; you spend more time with peers, engaging in hobbies, and acquiring skills

4. Latent Stage

What is the second stage in Psychosexual Development?

2. Anal Stage

4. Latent Stage - 6 years to _________ - Erogenous zone: none - Libidinal discharge: little to no sexual motivation present - Sexual energy is _________; you spend more time with peers, engaging in hobbies, and acquiring skills

* puberty *Sexual energy is repressed;

Puberty onward - Erogenous zone: penis/vagina - Libidinal discharge: coitus - Sexual energy is reawakened and you begin to develop strong sexual interest toward others

5. GENITAL STAGE

Examples of Oral Fixations?

- smoking - gum-chewing - nail-biting

Examples of Anal Fixations?

- orderliness - obsessiveness - rigidity

Examples of Phallic Fixations?

- Vanity - Exhibitionism - pride

What is the theory of Erik Erikson?

THEORY ON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

He coin the phrase “identity crisis,” argued that p e r s o n a l i t y d e v e l o p s i n a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development

Erik Erikson

This theory involves psychological needs of the individual conflicting with the needs of society

Psychosocial Development Theory

Erik Erikson

1902-1994

Erik Erikson adopted Sigmund Freud’s controversial psychosexual theory and expanded it into an _____-stage psychosocial theory of development.

eight

What are the 8 stages of psychosocial Development theory?

1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despair

- Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of hope (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

1) TRUST VS. MISTRUST

- 0 to 18 months - If you receive consistent, predictable and reliable care during this stage, you will develop trust. - If the care is inconsistent, unpredictable and unreliable, you may develop a sense of mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of hope (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

1. Trust vs. Mistrust

- 3 to 5 years - Central to this stage is play, as it provides you an opportunity to explore interpersonal skills by initiating activities. - If your sense of initiative is hindered by either criticism or excessive parental control, you’ll develop a sense of guilt. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of purpose

INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

Key Development for Trust vs Mistrust?

MOTHER who nurture

- Provide opportunities to be independent - learn things on their own (toilet trainings, what clothes they want to wear) (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

2) AUTONOMY VS. SHAME & DOUBT

Dependent for care to others (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

1) TRUST VS. MISTRUST

Key Development for AUTONOMY VS. SHAME & DOUBT?

Both Parents

Key Development for INITIATIVE VS. GUILT?

Entire Family

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of purpose (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

3) INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of will (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

2) AUTONOMY VS. SHAME & DOUBT

5 to 13 years - You start to develop self-esteem by demonstrating capabilities valued by others, giving you a sense of accomplishment and pride. - If restricted or discouraged, you might doubt your own abilities and grow feeling inferior. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of competence

4) INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

- We developed interest - Learning to win recognition -confidence in their ability to achieve goals - Hang-out with friends (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

4) INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

-Friends became important in this stage. - School Age (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

4) INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

13 to 21 years - You are supposed to achieve a reintegrated sense of self, of what you want to do or become, and of your preferred sex role. - Not knowing what you want and failing to establish a sense of identity within society can cause role confusion. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity.

5) IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION

Enumeration: Three usual mental illnesses/ problems faced during IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION stage

1. Anxiety 2. Depression 3. Suicide

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity. (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

5) IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of competence. (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

4) INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

- 21 to 39 years - You are mature enough to share yourself more intimately with others, exploring relationships that may lead to commitment. - Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of love

6) INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of love. (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

6) INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

- Exploring relations( friendship, love, marriage, and sexual intimacy ((PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

6) INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

-40 to 65 years - At this stage, you are ready to make a mark on the world by creating or nurturing things that will outlast you. - If you fail to find a way to contribute to society, you become stagnant and feel unproductive. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of care

7) GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

Fuse your identity without the fear of losing something within you (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

6) INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

- Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of care (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

7) GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

-comfortable, parenting( They like to be busy all the time) -make a mark on the world PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

7) GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

-65 years onward - You have reached the point where acceptance of your life and everything that you have done gives you a sense of coherence and wholeness. - If you see yourself as a failure, you will experience feelings of bitterness and despair. - Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom.

8) INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom. (PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

8) INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

_____________refers to the anxiety or fear experienced by a young boy that his genitals will be removed as punishment for his forbidden desires, particularly the desire for his mother. (Phallic Stage) (PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT)

Castration anxiety

____________is a theory in Freudian psychoanalytic theory that proposes that very young girls feel deprived and envious that they do not have a penis. (Phallic Staage) (PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT)

Penis envy