unt 2 cultural antro+

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

made up of what people do, make, or believe. 2 fields: ethnology, linguistic

Question 1

ethnology

Answer 1

study of origins and cultures of different races and people

Question 2

linguistic

Answer 2

history of language, 3 types; historical, structural, sociolinguistics

Question 3

aspect 1: culture is learned

Answer 3

learn what is desirable from culture and make changes to fit in

Question 4

aspect 2: culture is shared

Answer 4

groups think/acts in a certain way -> these ways become part of culture

Question 5

aspect 3: culture defines nature

Answer 5

culture can influence our biological needs. ex: what we eat is cultural, frogs

Question 6

aspect 4: culture has patterns

Answer 6

non-random collections of belief’s and behaviours
each has certain values and views. ex: holding door open

Question 7

method 1: finding informants

Answer 7

relying on an informant, community member who is willing to share information about their culture and community. disadvantage: unwilling to share critical info and be distrustful

Question 8

method 2: unstructured interview

Answer 8

researcher must be somewhat informed of topic. provide new directions to emerge and are the first step to more structured interviews. advantage: good when you have lots of time. disadvantage: no pre-established questions and little control

Question 9

semi-structured

Answer 9

efficient. researcher prepares some questions in advance and end up with reliable qualitative data. go in with outline of info needed, but not a strict list of questions. flexible, you can follow leads for the subject, but easy to go off topic. good for one-time interviews

Question 10

structured interviews

Answer 10

set list of questions. should be used when researcher is very clear on the topic. can be done by non-experts, following instructions. does not need a relationship between the two. gives consistent data that can be compared. disadvantage: cannot change questions and few open-ended questions giving limited answers

Question 11

Counting people, photographs, and mapping

Answer 11

visual information, detailed diagrams, shows relationships between people in society. disadvantage; hard to understand without more knowledge, straight up answers

Question 12

cultural relativism

Answer 12

An anthropologist cannot compare two cultures because each culture has its own internal rules that must be accepted
Cultural relativism is a response to cultural evolutionism

Question 13

functional theory

Answer 13

Idea that every belief, action or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of individuals
Meeting the needs of individuals makes the culture as a whole successful

Question 14

Cultural Materialism

Answer 14

Influenced by economists, material or conditions within the environment influence how a culture develops, creating the ideas of a culture. trial-error basis, ignores spiritual considerations

Question 15

POSTMODERNISM

Answer 15

The belief that it is impossible to have any true knowledge about the world
dont Believe in objective truth
What we “know” about the world is our own constructions created by society
Try to break down what a society believes to be true

Question 15

FEMINIST ANTHROPOLOGY

Answer 15

Compared culture to see how many were dominated by men, how many were dominated by women, and how many were egalitarian. Men and women were relatively equal in societies where women gather more of the food, men are dominant when they control sources.

Question 16

Sex VS Gender

Answer 16

sex:
genetically defined
visibly identifiable; genitals
Gender: culturally defined
- roles
- expectations
- appearance
- symbols connected with gender
- patterns of behaviours, appropriate activities

Question 17

cultural influences: art + entertainment:

Answer 17

popularizes body image

Question 18

cultural influences: enviroment

Answer 18

resources available influences who does what in society

Question 19

cultural influences: values/Religions

Answer 19

provide guidelines on what is acceptable in a culture

Question 20

cultural influences: education

Answer 20

determines what people learn, informs who they should be

Question 21

cultural influences: laws/customs

Answer 21

determines what people should or not do, controlled by law

Question 22

cultural influences: division of labour

Answer 22

an expression of who can do what and who has more value in society
imbalance in labour/power leads to master-servant

Question 23

Rite of Passage

Answer 23

3 step process:
1. segregation
2. transition
3. incorporation

Question 24

1. segregation

Answer 24

separation from the rest of society and their original status

Question 25

2. transition

Answer 25

last for a few hours, days, or months where the person is becoming their new self

Question 26

3. incorporation

Answer 26

individual is reintegrated into society with their new role.
Signifies that something has ended and something else has begun, like markings

Question 27

kinship

Answer 27

connections and relationships between people who are related to each other by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Question 28

matrilineal

Answer 28

trace ancestry through mother, Huron or Wendat, Jewish people

Question 29

patrilineal

Answer 29

trace ancestry through father

Question 30

Bilineal

Answer 30

trace ancestry through both parents

Question 31

lineage

Answer 31

All the male relatives in a family that can be traced back to one common direct ancestor

Question 32

Clan

Answer 32

group of several lineages in a patrilineal or matrilineal society where people are related but no exact relationships

Question 33

functions of marriage

Answer 33

1. marriage defines social relationships to provide to children
2. defines obligations of 2 people to each other
3. creates new relationships between families

Question 34

monogamy

Answer 34

one partner relationship

Question 35

polyGAMY

Answer 35

multiple partners

Question 36

polyGYNY

Answer 36

1 husband, multiple wives

Question 37

polyandry

Answer 37

1 wife, multiple husbands