Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is active transport?

Answer 1

The process whereby cells use energy in the form of ATP to transport substances across a membrane from low to high concentration.

Question 2

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 2

A high-energy compound composed of adenine and ribose and three phosphate groups attached; it releases energy for cellular reactions when its last phosphate group is removed and the compound is converted to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 3

What is an adhesion protein?

Answer 3

A plasma membrane protein that helps link cells together.

Question 4

What is an amino acid?

Answer 4

A nitrogen-containing compound that is the building block of proteins.

Question 5

What is a carrier protein?

Answer 5

A protein within membranes that assists other molecules to cross the membrane in facilitated and active transport.

Question 6

What is a cell?

Answer 6

The basic structural unit of all life forms on Earth.

Question 7

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 7

A series of cellular biochemical reactions and processes using glucose and producing carbon dioxide and water; the energy released is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.

Question 8

What is cellulose?

Answer 8

A complex carbohydrate molecule found in cell walls.

Question 9

What is a centriole?

Answer 9

A structure in animal cells that produces and organises microtubules.

Question 10

What is a channel protein?

Answer 10

A protein that forms channels within membranes to allow the passage of hydrophobic substances across the membrane.

Question 11

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 11

The green pigment found in chloroplasts; it is able to absorb light energy, making it available for photosynthesis.

Question 12

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 12

A membrane-bound organelle (type of plastid) found in the cytoplasm of plants and algae containing the green pigment chlorophyll; its main function is photosynthesis and storage of carbohydrates.

Question 13

What is cholesterol?

Answer 13

Part of the structure of the plasma membrane where it alters fluidity of the membrane depending on temperature.

Question 14

What is a chromosome?

Answer 14

A structure made of a DNA molecule.

Question 15

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 15

The difference in concentration of a substance between two different regions.

Question 16

What is a contractile vacuole?

Answer 16

A specialised vacuole involved in regulating the amount of water inside a cell, which pumps water from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell.

Question 17

What is crenation?

Answer 17

The crinkling of red blood cells when they lose water.

Question 18

What are cristae?

Answer 18

Infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondria, forming partitions.

Question 19

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 19

All the cytosolic fluid, dissolved materials and organelles between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane.

Question 20

What is cytoplasmic streaming?

Answer 20

The mixing and movement of the cytoplasm.

Question 21

What is a cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

A system of microtubules and microfilaments within a cell that supports and gives shape to it; helps movement and reproduction.

Question 22

What is cytosol?

Answer 22

The part of the cytoplasm containing highly organised fluid material with dissolved substances; excluding the organelles.

Question 23

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Answer 23

An information molecule that is the universal basis of an organism’s genetic material; it contains instructions, written in a chemical code, for the production of proteins by the cell.

Question 24

What is diffusion?

Answer 24

The passive movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration of that substance.

Question 25

What is endocytosis?

Answer 25

The movement of solids or liquids into a cell from the environment via vesicle formation.

Question 26

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of an interconnecting system of thin membrane sheets dividing the cytoplasm into compartments and channels; involved in the synthesis, folding, modification and transport of proteins.

Question 27

What is an enzyme?

Answer 27

A specific protein catalyst that acts to increase the rate of a chemical reaction within the cell by lowering the amount of energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 28

What is equilibrium?

Answer 28

The point at which particles are distributed evenly throughout a system; they move at equal rates in all directions.

Question 29

What does eukaryotic mean?

Answer 29

Describes a complex type of cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 30

What is exocytosis?

Answer 30

The movement of solids or liquids from a cell to the environment via vesicle formation.

Question 31

What is the external environment of a cell?

Answer 31

The environment surrounding a cell outside the plasma membrane.

Question 32

What does extracellular mean?

Answer 32

External to the cell.

Question 33

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 33

A form of diffusion that requires a substance to be attached to a specific carrier molecule to move across a membrane.

Question 34

What does flaccid mean?

Answer 34

Floppy; describes the condition of a plant cell that has lost water.

Question 35

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 35

Explains the fluid character of the plasma membrane.

Question 36

What is a glycoprotein?

Answer 36

Protein which has carbohydrates attached.

Question 37

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 37

A collection of membranes that package and store substances into vesicles in preparation for their release from the cell.

Question 38

What are grana?

Answer 38

Stack of thylakoid discs within a chloroplast.

Question 39

What is haemolysis?

Answer 39

The bursting of red blood cells.

Question 40

What does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 40

Tending to interact with and dissolve in water.