cell structure and function

Question 1

what does photosynthesis do?

Answer 1

Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose​

Question 2

inputs of photosynthesis

Answer 2

CO2 and H2O

Question 3

outputs of photosynthesis

Answer 3

O2 and C6H12O6

Question 4

light reactions

Answer 4

split H2O using sunlight and produce energy (ATP and NADPH) to power the Calvin Cycle and produce O2 as an output​

Question 5

The Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

produces glucose using the energy carriers (ATP and NADPH) and CO2 and produces glucose​

Question 6

chemical equation for photosynthesis

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight > C6H12O6 + 6O2​

Question 7

where does photo synthesis occur

Answer 7

the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

Question 8

cellular respiration

Answer 8

Creates ATP from glucose​, Can be aerobic (with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen)​

Question 9

aerobic respiration

Answer 9

uses oxygen to make 32 ATP

Question 10

anaerobic respiration

Answer 10

does not require oxygen only makes 2 ATP

Question 11

autotroph

Answer 11

Plants are unable to consume food/glucose they make their own glucose through a process known as photosynthesis

Question 12

cell theory

Answer 12

All cells come from pre-existing cells​
Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life​
All living organisms are composed of cells​

Question 13

prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

much simpler, smaller and don’t have membrane bound organelles
bacteria are prokaryotes

Question 14

eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

more complex, larger and have membrane bound organelles

Question 15

heterotroph

Answer 15

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 16

plasma membrane

Answer 16

A phospholipid bilayer
that encloses the
contents of a cell,
and controls the
passage of
substances into and
out of the cell.

Question 17

hydrophobic

Answer 17

does not like water

Question 18

hydrophilic

Answer 18

water loving

Question 19

phospholipids

Answer 19

have a head that is hydrophilic and two fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic

Question 20

passive transport

Answer 20

movement of things in and out of the cell that does not require energy. osmosis and simple diffusion.

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

movement of a
substance from a
region of high
concentration to a
region of low
concentration.

Question 22

simple diffusion

Answer 22

Diffusion across a membrane

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

movement of free water molecules
through a partially permeable
membrane, from a region of low solute
concentration to a region of high solute
concentration.

Question 24

semipermeable membrane

Answer 24

a membrane which water is able to cross,
but a dissolved solute is unable to cross

Question 25

solute

Answer 25

A molecule dissolved in a solvent (usually water).

Question 26

isotonic

Answer 26

solute concentration outside equals solute concentration inside.

Question 27

hypertonic

Answer 27

high solute concentration outside of the cell

Question 27

hypotonic

Answer 27

low solute concentration outside of the cell

Question 28

facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

Uses Channel Proteins to transport large molecules or ions across cell membrane.​

Question 29

active transport

Answer 29

Molecules can also be moved against their concentration gradient by a carrier protein, but this is an active process; it requires energy in the form of ATP.

Question 30

bulk transport

Answer 30

Active movement of a large molecule into or out of a cell, by enclosing it in a membrane sac.

Question 31

exocytosis

Answer 31

Bulk transport of molecules out of a cell.

Question 32

endocytosis

Answer 32

Bulk transport into a cell from the extracellular fluid