Untitled Deck Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is the Columbian Exchange?
A widespread exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world.
What were the biological exchanges during the Columbian Exchange?
Pathogens that caused sharp demographic losses to indigenous populations in the Americas and Pacific Islands.
What was the worst demographic calamity in world history?
The arrival of diseases in the Americas led to a demographic loss of about 100 million people.
What was the mortality rate in the Americas due to diseases?
50-90% mortality.
Which disease was the worst during the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox, along with measles, diphtheria, and influenza.
What led to the slave trade in the Americas?
The absence of native workers due to high mortality from diseases.
What was the global impact of the Columbian Exchange on food crops?
It led to a higher world population and the global spread of food crops and animals.
What crops were introduced from Eurasia?
Rice and various fruits.
What crops were introduced from Africa?
Coffee and yams.
What crops were introduced from Europe?
Dairy and meat-yielding animals.
What crops were introduced from the Americas?
Vegetables, nuts, and tobacco.
What were the effects of new crops from the Columbian Exchange?
More nutritious and varied diets, and regions that previously could not grow food could now cultivate foreign crops.
What was quinine used for?
To treat malaria.
What was the population growth from 1500 to 1800?
Increased from 425 million to 900 million.
Where did Europeans migrate during the Columbian Exchange?
To the Americas, South Africa, and Pacific Islands.
What was the nature of transoceanic trade?
Trade networks in the Atlantic exchanged manufactured European goods for silver, sugar, and tobacco.
What were the Manilla galleons?
demonstrated trade workings of the global economy of the pacific ocean basin.
Sleek, fast, heavily armed Spanish ships that traded between the Philippines and Mexico.
What was the demand for pelts during global trade?
North American beaver pelts were in high demand, leading to the extinction of many species.
Who were the Taino?
Indigenous people living in the Caribbean who had little resistance to European goods.
What system was used for labor in gold mining?
The encomienda system, which had awful conditions and led to a reduced Taino population.
What happened to the Taino population?
They eventually ceased to exist, with only a few words from their language remaining.
What agricultural developments occurred in the Caribbean?
French, English, and Dutch established plantations for cash crops, importing slaves to work them.
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortez.
Who conquered the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro.
