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Environmental Policy > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

“Common pain leads to common purpose” Van Jones

A

Van Jones, Obama’s environmental handyman & CNN pundit –> Making our way out of polarization through recognizing our common pain

Themes: Gridlock, Talking through the divide

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2
Q

Ambient Standards

A

Standards for levels of pollution. Part of the command and control test

Themes: Command and Control Regulation

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3
Q

Emission Standards

A

Standards for levels of emissions. Part of the command and control test

Themes: Command and Control Regulation

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4
Q

POPs

A

Persistent Organic Pollutants

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5
Q

Acid Rain

A

Caused by a mixture of pollutants and water. Relevant with relation to maple syrup and subject of the US- Canada Air Quality Agreement 1991 (partially successful)

Themes: International Regimes, Transboundary issues

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6
Q

Ozone Hole

What, why, solved with what

A

Hole caused by CFCs (aeresols and refrigerants)
Science: CFC’s break into two chlorines which then bond w ozone creating a hole (note this hole occurred seasonally

Why was this hole a bad thing? No protections from the suns UV

Policy: Montreal Protocol of 1987

Themes: MODs, Science Communication, International Regimes

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7
Q

Love Canal

A

Incident in New York that sparked the creation of the Environmental Justice movement (site of toxic waste, poisoned children, caused numerous defects and cancers)

Themes: Environmental Justice, Risk/ Endpoints

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8
Q

Lois Gibbs

A

Activist who spearheaded work on Love Canal and later went on to found the Center for Health, Environment and Justice

Themes: Environmental and Climate Justice

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9
Q

Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)

Type of solution and what

A

Direct market solution in which a rural area might grant an urban area some of its development rights with the effect of the urban area becoming more densely populated and the ecosystems of the rural area stay protected.

Themes: Economic Policy

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10
Q

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

A

Supreme Court case which allowed corporations to continue paying thier ways into elections (Themes: MOD,

Themes: Corporations & Merchants of Doubts

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11
Q

Negative Externality

A

A negative effect on bystanders

Themes: Environmental Economics

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12
Q

White House Environmental Justice Council

A

New policy by Biden

Themes: Executive Power

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13
Q

Deposit-Refund

A

You pay 25 cents and then you get a refund if you bring the bottle cap back

Themes: Environmental Economics

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14
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Build up of pollutants in specific organisms

Themes: Risk and toxics

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15
Q

Biomagnification

A

Up the food chain, contaminations have a stronger and worsening effect

Themes: Risks and Toxics

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16
Q

Partial Preemptions

A

Federal standards that are administrated by the states (Example Clean Water Acts)

Themes: Relations between state and government

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17
Q

CEQ

A

Council on Environmental Quality, not always in existence, advises the President on Environmental matters, established by NEPA 1969

Themes: Presidential Indicators of influence

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18
Q

NEPA

A

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Required that all federally funded activities had an environmental impact statement

Themes: Environmental Policy

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19
Q

DOI

A

Department of Interior (Bureau of Indian Affairs and National Parks) Led by Deb Haaland, Native American woman

Themes: Executive Branch

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20
Q

(Budget) Rider

A

Attaching legislation to unrelated legislation to pass

Themes: Legislative Branch

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21
Q

Ecosystem Services

A

Benefits received from healthy ecosystems

Themes: Environmental Economics

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22
Q

Marketable Permits

A

Distributing a limited number of ‘permits’ to pollute and then allowing firms to trade them. Direct, Market
Examples:
RGGI, Sulfur Dioxide Trading program, VOC trading

Themes: Environmental Economics

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23
Q

RGGI

A

Emmisions trading system for the Northeast

Themes: Environmental Economics

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24
Q

Conservation Easement

Study These Flashcards
A

Trasnfering usage rights to protect land. That is, a conservation fund could purchase the usage rights of a piece of land to guarantee its protection, without necessarily buying the land (Direct, Market)

Themes: Environmental Economics

25
Pollution Fees
Fee instead of tax for polluting - User fees vs impact fees (Market, Indirect) | Themes: Environmental Economics
26
TRI
Toxic Release Inventory, part of the Superfund amendment and based on the idea that communities have the right to know about the pollutants | Themes: Toxics, Cercla
27
Civil Law
Laws based on regulations | Themes: Courts
28
Criminal Law
Laws based on harm done to individuals, groups and/or society | Themes: Courts
29
Operating Procedures
The way in which international regimes agree to collectively operate together | Themes: International Regimes
30
Changing Liability
Determining who is liable for environmental damage. Joint and Several means that one potentially responsible party can be found entirely responsible. This means that there is financial motivation to keep these sites clean. (Market Indirect) | Themes: CERCLA
31
User Fees
Toll, paying for entrance to a National Park etc. (Market Indirect) | Themes: Economics
32
CITES
Convention of Illegal Trade of Endangered Species 1975 which regulated wild life trade | Themes: International Regimes?
33
Performance Bond
Almost like refund deposit but for businesses – that is, you get this money back if you do not pollute (Market Indirect) | Themes: Environmental Economics
34
Subsidy
Money given to companies almost as a reward for not polluting. Incentivizing activity (Market, Indirect) | Themes: Environmental Economics
35
Regulation
Rules, typically designed by the bureaucracy, that are based on legislation written by congress | Themes: Three Branches of government
36
OMB
Office of Monetary Budgets | Themes: Presidential powers
37
Environmental Racism
Environmental inequities caused by existing racial inequities | Themes: EJ
38
President Ronald Regan
Anti- Environmental Regulation president. Had an unintended effect of revitalizing environmentalists | Themes: Presidential influence
39
FDA
Food & Drug Administration (faces the burden of proof when proving harm) FDA cannot get sued if a customer is harmed by a product approved by the FDA | Themes: Risk Prone v Risk Averse
40
Intergenerational Equity
Recognizing the rights of future generations in environmental law Example: Juliana v United States - Also connected to sustainable development | Themes: Environmental economics, EJ & CJ
41
FAO
Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN | Themes: Food Scarcity, International Regimes
42
HFCs
Replacement to CFCs, while they are not as damaging to the Ozone hole, they are still a green house gas | Themes: Ozone, International Regimes
43
‘Environmental Federalism’
Refers to the difficulties faced when determining who should respond to an environmental crisis --> 1. Who will be most efficient 2. Who traditionally takes charge 3. What does the constitution say 4. Is it declared as a national purpose | Themes: State v Federal Ex: Ohio train derailment, Buzzard's bay policy
44
Eminent Domain
Government taking control of space and land | Themes: Command and Control
45
Regulatory Takings
Making property unusable by zealous regulation | Themes: Command & Control, the Courts, Lucas v South Carolina
46
DDT
Insecticide used to address mosquitos (malaria and bugs on crops) that was banned after Rachel Carson’s novel Silent Spring | Themes: Toxics, Synergistic impacts, EJ
47
Technology Driven Legislation
Setting standards based on best available technology | Themes: Regulation
48
Technology Forcing Legislation
Setting standards above best available technology in order to motivate innovation Example: The Clean Water Act was an aspirational statute designed to encourage innovation | Themes: Regulation
49
Trans-science
Questions that can be asked by scientists but cannot be answered using the scientific method | Examples of such questions: Which policy would be best..?
50
Impact Fees
Fee payed for the impact of pollution. For example, developer may be required to pay sewer and water fees (Market, Indirect) | Themes: Environmental Economics
51
UN COP or MOP meetings for many different regimes
Environmental forum | Themes: International Regime Additional: Controversy around COP29
52
ESA
Endangered Species Act (1966) US Fish and Wildlife authorized to acquired land as habitat for endangered species 1969- Worldwide extinction amendment - Protect species endangered worldwide 1982 - listing species for biological reasons not economic | Themes: Policy
53
Talking Across Divides
Addressing political polarization | Frames, Lakoff, Framework institute
54
Direct Orders
Direct mandates for state and local governments with threats of penalty | Themes: State v Local
55
Crosscutting Requirements
Requirements for federal programs. For example, Civil Rights Acts banned racial discrimination within programs recieving federal financial assistance | Themes: State v Local
56
Crossover Sanctions
Threatening to withhold federal assistance if the requirements of another program are not met (think withholding federal assistance for highway maintenance) | Themes: State v Local
57
Ohio Train Derailment
Train derailment at leading to the release of toxics | Themes: Environmental Federalism, Environmental Justice, READ MORE
58
Stakeholder
Person who is directly impacted by legislation or a set of legislation | Themes: EJ

Environmental Policy (4 decks)

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