Untitled Deck

Question 1

CERCLA

Answer 1

Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation & Liability Act: Superfund portion is the most well known section of the act

Themes: Policy

Question 2

Standing Rock

Answer 2

2017 Protests by indigenous community over the building of a pipeline

Themes: EJ

Question 3

Just Sustainability

Answer 3

Essentially environmental justice:

Question 4

RCRA

Answer 4

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)
Manage your waste from the cradle to grave

Themes: enviro reg

Question 5

Hazard

Answer 5

Potentially dangerous event, activity or consequence

Question 6

Taxes

Answer 6

Fee = Charge

Themes: Environmental Econ

Question 7

ALEC

Answer 7

American Legislative Exchange Council - Group of the Merchants of Doubt working to tear apart local environmental legislation

Themes: State level politics

Question 8

Principles

Answer 8

Key component of an international regime. Beliefs of fact, causation or rectitude

Themes: International Regime

Question 9

UNEP

Answer 9

UN Environmental Programme (International Regime)

Themes: International Regime

Question 10

Norms

Answer 10

Standards of behavior. Key to international regimes

Themes: International Regime

Question 11

Flint

Answer 11

Environmental Justice Site in Michigan (government negligence led to polluted undrinkable water)

Question 12

Aspiration Statute

Answer 12

Statute which is not necessarily possible at the moment - it’s aspirational .. think fishable swimmable with the Clean Water Act

Question 13

Brownfield’s Program

Answer 13

Industrial waste / clean up sites. Less disastrous than superfund sites and essentially providing support in clean up efforts

Question 14

How Courts Influence the Pace of Change

Answer 14

Force Policy Action
Mass v EPA
Delaying Policy Action
California vs US Bureau of Land management : California fails to delay a policy
Shaping Policy
Weyerhaeuser v US Fish and Wildlife
Asking about the ESA’s reach essentially
Constitutional Review
Rapanos v United States
CWA cover non navigable waters?

Question 15

How Courts Shape Policies

Answer 15

Standing
Friends of the Earth vs Laidlaw Environmental Services
Who has the right to speak for a river (or for future generations?)
Friends of earth did have standing
Mass v EPA
State has an interest to defend all air and earth within its domain
Decide Which Cases are ready for review
Actual controversy must exist
Standard of Review (searching for legal error).. Amount of deference provided
Interpreting Laws
Rapanos v United States
Executive branch should engage in rule making for WOTUS
Sackett v EPA
Overturns deference
Supreme Court interpretation of CWA
Choice of Remedy
What is the punishment in a case?

Question 16

Sustainable development

Answer 16

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet future needs (most relevant when discussing UN Sustainable Development Goals)

Question 17

Vertical Federalism

Answer 17

Refers to the distribution of policy making authority between federal and state levels.

Question 18

Risk Adverse v. Risk Prone Policies

Answer 18

Risk Prone are innocent until proven guilty and Risk adverse policy are guilty until proven innocent
Examples: Risk Prone FIFRA amendment, TSCA
Risk Averse Original FIFRA and Luttenberg

Question 19

Communication between science and policy

Answer 19

Identify your audience - why do they need this information
Involve stakeholders in the process
What information is CRUCIAL to know
Communications need to be part of the design

Question 20

International Regime

Answer 20

A system of principles, norms, rules, operating procedures ands institutions. International regimes can clarify international goals in an issue area, augment collaboration and facilitate state interactions.
Examples of international regimes: Nuclear non proliferation regime, endangered species regime

Question 21

Systemic Regime Obstacles

Answer 21

(¼) Obstacles within a system - ecological and political systems obstacles
Example of a systemic obstacle: —-

Question 22

Procedural Regime Obstacles

Answer 22

(2/4) Obstacles due to procedure
Examples: States having veto power, having to appease the lowest common denominator, time lags between development of a plan and implementation of said plan

Question 23

Absence of Necessary Conditions (Regime Obstacles)

Answer 23

(¾) 1. Government concern
2. Hospitable contractual environment (trust that there will be no free ridership and cheating)
3. Scientific, Political, Administrative Capacity (Are your people starving?)

Question 24

(4/4) Regime Obstacles Characteristic of Environmental Issues

Answer 24

Scientific uncertainty
Linked economic and political interests
Unequal adjustment processes
Time horizons
Non linear patterns of change

Question 25

IPCC

Answer 25

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Designed by UNEP & the World Meterological Organization in 1983 Goal: Assess scientific, technological & socioeconomic info relevant for understanding the risks of human induced climate change Why: providing and consolidating scientific reports for policy makers to use

Question 26

UNFCCC

Answer 26

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Goal of stabilizing GHG concentrations. Created in 1992 and established regular COP meetings

Question 27

Montreal Protocol

Answer 27

Written to address the Ozone Hole in 1987. Set timebound and measurable targets to phase out chemicals and is generally considered to be a success.

Question 28

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 28

Outcome of the 1997 COP 3 Provided different plans for developing and developed nations (Common but differentiated responsibilities) Internationally binding emissions targets

Question 29

Paris Agreement

Answer 29

First ever universal legally binding agreement Nationally determined emissions goals Trump withdrew, Biden rejoined… what will happen?

Question 30

Transboundary

Answer 30

Activities within one state often effect another states environment (or country) Challenge with state environmental policy US-Canada Acid Rain Treaty

Question 31

Clean Air Act - 1977

Answer 31

Regional air quality goals (based on what is safe) and was a technology forcing statue

Question 32

Clean Water Act - 1972

Answer 32

3 main aspirational statues (no state could have less intense regulations) “Zero Discharge” “Fishable/Swimmable” “No Toxics in Toxic Amounts” 1985 - congress grants states the right to relax standards for portions of water bodies if compliance is ‘impossible’ Simultaneously, the clean water act up until 1996 citizen law suits was technologically driven (that is standards were based on technology -