Untitled Deck Flashcards
(30 cards)
When was the first edition of the DSM created and what was its purpose?
Created in 1844; Designed to facilitate communication among mental health professionals
What is the DSM-5’s definition of a mental disorder?
A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
What are Wakefield’s two criteria for mental disorders?
- Condition results from inability of internal mechanism to perform natural function
- Condition causes harm judged by cultural standards and measured by distress/difficulty in roles
What are the three main types of symptoms assessed in diagnosis?
- Biological symptoms
- Psychological symptoms
- Social symptoms
What are examples of biological symptoms?
- Headaches
Dizziness
Weight gain/loss
Should be referred to medical doctor to rule out medical conditions
What are examples of psychological symptoms?
- Negative thoughts (“I am a failure”)
Hopeless beliefs (“I will never get better”)
Compulsive thoughts (“I have to keep checking locks”)
Influences on behaviors and life choices
What aspects are considered in social symptoms?
- Ability to live life on life’s terms
Performance of day-to-day tasks
Developmentally appropriate functioning
Multiple role management
Impact on work, school, play, socializing
What are the key considerations in diagnosis?
- Not all dysfunction is a disorder
Natural functions of internal processes
Impact on client’s adjustment
Purpose of behavior/process
Pervasiveness of behavior
Chronicity and acuity
Frequency and intensity
What is a Principal Diagnosis?
The first listed diagnosis that is the primary reason the client is seeking treatment; sets priority for treatment planning
What is a Provisional Diagnosis?
A temporary diagnosis applied when additional information is needed to make a primary diagnosis; especially useful for mood disorders
What are the seven classifications of Bipolar disorders?
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymic Disorder
- Substance/Medication-Induced
- Due to Another Medical Condition
- Other Specified
- Unspecified
What defines Bipolar I Disorder?
- One or more manic episodes
Most severe form with extreme manic episodes
May require hospitalization
Symptoms of both mania and depression nearly every day for at least one week
What defines Bipolar II Disorder?
- One or more major depressive episodes
At least one hypomanic episode
Hypomania not as severe as mania in Bipolar I
Possible periods of level mood between episodes
What defines Cyclothymic Disorder?
Chronic fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that never meet full criteria for major episodes
What are the symptoms of a manic episode?
- Dramatic increase in need for sleep
Excessive energy
Euphoria
Extreme talkativeness
Grandiosity
Elevated libido
Poor concentration
Reckless behaviors
How long must Cyclothymic symptoms be present?
- Adults: At least 2 years
Children/adolescents: At least 1 year
Present at least half the time
No more than 2 months symptom-free
Where is Bipolar Disorder positioned in relation to other disorders?
Between schizophrenia/psychotic disorders and depressive disorders, serving as a bridge between these diagnostic classes in terms of symptoms, family history, and genetics
What are the key treatment goals for Bipolar Disorders?
- Stabilize and alleviate mood episodes
Prevent episode recurrence
Improve coping and relationships
Enhance overall adjustment
What are the main interventions for Bipolar Disorders?
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Psychoeducation
Stress management
Mood charting and monitoring
What aspects should be charted for mood monitoring?
- Precipitants
Nature of episodes
Duration
Frequency
Seasonality
What are the 7 steps to diagnosis?
- Assess symptoms
- Cluster symptoms
- Locate potential disorders
- Review differential diagnoses
- Write disorder name
- Add code number
- Order multiple diagnoses by importance
What is the Cross Cutting Symptom Measure?
An assessment tool that evaluates mental health domains across psychiatric diagnoses, with Level 1 (13 domains) and Level 2 (in-depth evaluation) measures
What is social constructionism in diagnosis?
The concept that knowledge is constructed rather than discovered, and is affected by social context, including personal biases, experiences, and sociocultural environment
What does ACA Code A.2.b require regarding diagnosis?
Counselors must ensure clients understand the implications of diagnosis and the intended use of tests and reports
