Untitled Deck Flashcards
(30 cards)
Articles of Confederation?
The first U.S. government document (1777–1789), later replaced by the Constitution.
What was Shays’s Rebellion?
A 1786–1787 uprising by farmers in Massachusetts protesting debt and foreclosures, showing the need for a stronger government.
What is the Separation of Powers?
The division of government into three branches: Legislative (makes laws), Executive (enforces laws), Judicial (interprets laws).
What is Federalism?
A system where power is shared between national and state governments.
What are the Federalist Papers?
Essays written to convince states to approve (ratify) the U.S. Constitution.
What is the U.S. Constitution?
The current set of rules for U.S. government, written in 1787, defining government powers and citizens’ rights.
What is Bicameralism?
A two-house legislature (e.g., the U.S. Congress: Senate & House of Representatives).
Who are the Federalists?
People who supported the Constitution and a strong central government.
Who are the Anti-Federalists?
People who opposed the Constitution, fearing too much central government power.
What is Judicial Review?
Courts can cancel laws if they go against the Constitution.
What are Enumerated Powers?
Powers the Constitution specifically gives to Congress.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
Allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out its listed powers.
What are Reserved Powers?
Powers not given to the federal government belong to the states (from the 10th Amendment).
What are Concurrent Powers?
Powers shared by both state and federal governments, like taxing.
What is National Supremacy?
Federal laws override state laws when they conflict.
What is a Writ of Habeas Corpus?
A court order requiring the government to explain why someone is in jail.
What is an Ex Post Facto Law?
A law that punishes actions that were legal when committed (banned by the Constitution).
What is a Bill of Attainder?
A law that punishes people without a trial (banned by the Constitution).
What is an Initiative?
Citizens can propose laws or constitutional amendments by petition.
What is a Referendum?
Citizens vote directly on laws or constitutional changes.
What is a Recall?
Citizens can vote to remove an elected official before their term ends.
What is Preemption?
State laws that remove authority over a certain subject from Local Governments
What is the Commerce Clause?
Gives Congress power to regulate business between states and with other countries.
What is Dual Federalism?
National and state governments have separate, clear-cut powers.
