Untitled Deck Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is Planned Change?
Planned Change refers to change activities that are intentional and goal-oriented.
بالعربي: التغيير المُخطط هو تغييرات تتم عن قصد ولها هدف واضح.
What are the forces that stimulate change?
Nature of the workforce, Technology, Economic shocks, Competition, Social trends, World politics.
بالعربي: طبيعة القوى العاملة، التكنولوجيا، الصدمات الاقتصادية، المنافسة، الاتجاهات الاجتماعية، السياسة العالمية.
What is Organizational Change Management?
It is an approach to transitioning an organization and its people from the current state to a new state.
بالعربي: إدارة التغيير التنظيمي هي طريقة لتحويل المنظمة (بما في ذلك موظفيها) من وضعها الحالي إلى وضع جديد.
What are the individual sources of resistance to change?
Habit, Security, Economic factors, Fear of the unknown, Selective information processing.
بالعربي: العادات، الحاجة للأمان، عوامل اقتصادية، الخوف من المجهول، معالجة المعلومات بشكل انتقائي.
What are the organizational sources of resistance to change?
Structural inertia, Limited focus of change, Group inertia, Threat to expertise, Threat to power relationships and resources.
بالعربي: الجمود الهيكلي، تركيز محدود للتغيير، الجمود الجماعي، تهديد للخبرة، تهديد للعلاقات والموارد القائمة.
How can resistance to change be overcome?
Education and communication, Participation, Building support and commitment, Developing positive relationships, Implementing changes fairly, Manipulation and cooptation, Selecting people who accept change, Coercion.
بالعربي: التوعية والتواصل، المشاركة، بناء الدعم والالتزام، تطوير علاقات إيجابية، تطبيق التغييرات بشكل عادل، التلاعب والمشاركة الجزئية، اختيار الأشخاص القابلين للتغيير، الإكراه.
What is Lewin’s Three-Step Model?
Unfreezing – Removing resistance and preparing for change. Changing – Moving to a new behavior or process. Refreezing – Stabilizing the new state.
بالعربي: إذابة الجمود – تهيئة الأفراد للتغيير. التغيير – تنفيذ السلوك أو النظام الجديد. إعادة التجميد – تثبيت التغيير الجديد.
Why does honor precede ethics?
Because without honor, a person lacks moral direction and cannot effectively apply ethical principles.
What role does honor play in public affairs?
Only honorable individuals are trusted with public responsibilities; honor is shaped by organizational and political culture.
What are the dimensions of honor?
Outward perception of reputation
Business reputation as a valued asset
Rooted in integrity and honesty
Consistency with personal values and principles
What are regime values?
Public administrators must uphold moral obligations to citizens, often taking risks to protect regime values like justice and integrity.
What are the two common drops of honor?
Corruption and lying.
What is corruption in government?
Unauthorized use of public office for private gain, including bribery, fraud, extortion, and misuse of insider information.
What is bribery?
Offering or accepting something of value to influence an official action; undermines fairness and public trust.
Why does bribery happen in public service?
Often due to low public sector salaries, leading officials to seek extra income through unethical means.
How can public sector corruption be prevented?
Codes of conduct
Reward and penalty systems
Public and stakeholder participation
E-government
Conflict of interest management
Compliance culture
Monitoring and transparency
Accountability
What is ‘lying for your country’?
When officials lie to serve public interests during crises or wars, often involving exaggeration or omission.
What are the four levels of ethics?
Personal Morality – Internal sense of right and wrong
Professional Ethics – Standards set by professional bodies
Organizational Ethics – Formal/informal rules within an organization
Social Ethics – Societal values and cultural expectations
What is the difference between standards of conduct and codes of ethics?
Standards of conduct: Organization-specific behavioral rules
Codes of ethics: Broad professional standards applying to entire fields.
What is accountability in public administration?
The duty to answer to higher legal or organizational authority for actions within one’s role.
What is the challenge of accountability?
Balancing oversight and trust—too little allows abuse, too much restricts efficiency.
How is accountability avoided?
When executives are not held responsible for their subordinates, despite being expected to oversee and correct them.
