Upper Airway Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the requirements to breathe?
Open airway
Good circulation
Effective muscles of respiration
Non toxic atmosphere
Stable chest wall
Ability of the lungs to expand and contract
Free passage of gas between the blood and the alveoli
Composition of inspired and expired air
Oxygen - 21% inspired and 16% expired
C02 - 0.04% inspired and 4% expired
Nitrogen - 78% and 78% expired
Water vapour- variable and saturated
What is pulmonary ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs
What is extenderla respiration?
The movement of 02 from the lungs to the blood streams and the movement of c02 from the bloodstream to the lunge.
What is internal respiration?
The movement of o2 from the blood stream into the cells and tissues. The movement of c02 from the cells to the blood stream
What is the nasal cavities separated by?
The nasal septum which is made of hyaline cartilage.
Each cavity consists of ciliates epithets cells and goblet cells creating a ciliates mucuous membranfe
What is the vestibule?
Anterior portion of the nasal cavity, just inside the nostrol
What is the nasal conchae?
Bony shelves which create groove structures like passageways known as the meatyes. Superior middle and inferior . These create turbulent air flow which keeps the inspired air in the cavity for longer, assisting with warming and filtering
What is the offlavtory region?
Carnival nerve, this nerve has receptions in the nasal cavity which detect for chemicals that have dissolved in the mucuous lining
What are the 4 sinuses?
Frontal,
Ethmoid,
Maxilliary
Sphenoid
What do the sinuses do?
Lighten the skull, protect head from trauma, humidify air
Where can the eustacian tube be found?
It can be found in the nasopharynx. These are canals connecting to the nasopharynx, it helps equalise the pressure by opening during swallowing and yanwning.
On an airplane, the eustachina tubes are slower to react hence why ears pop
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oralpharynx
Larynogpharynx
Pharynx has a muscle tube with a mucous membrance
what is the nasopharynx?
Behind the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate.
Two opens of the auditory tube. On the posterior walls are located the pharaygenal tonsiels (adenoids)
What is the oralpharynx?
Extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone. Houses the palatine tonsil
What is the layrngppharynx?
Extends from the hyoid bone to the oesophragus and layrnx
What is the layrngppharynx?
Extends from the hyoid bone to the oesophragus and larynx
What is the layrngppharynx?
Extends from the hyoid bone to the oesophragus and larynx
What is the larynx?
Air progresses to the larynx (voice box).
Layrnx connects the pharyx and the trachea.
Has multiple cartilages - Adam’s Apple, which is larger in males. Larynx moves up during swallowing meeting threnfree side of the epiglottis, closing off the airway preventing food entering the airway
What is the larynx?
Air progresses to the larynx (voice box).
Layrnx connects the pharyx and the trachea.
Has multiple cartilages - Adam’s Apple, which is larger in males. Larynx moves up during swallowing meeting threnfree side of the epiglottis, closing off the airway preventing food entering the airway
What are the single cartilages of the larynx?
Epiglottis,
Thyroid
Cricoid
What are the 3 pairs of cartilage?
Artyneoid, cornicioate and cuneiform
Vocal cords
