Upper Back - Myology Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Name the suboccipital muscles.
A
- Rectus capitis posterior major m.
- Rectus capitis posteror minor m.
- Obliquus capitis superior m.
- Obliquus capitis inferior m.
2
Q
Rectus capitis posterior major m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: lateral aspect inferior nuchal line occipital B.
- Origin: spinous process of axis
- Action:
- Extend head
- Rotate face toward
- Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
3
Q
Rectus capitis posterior minor m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: inferior to the inferior nuchal line of occipital B.
- Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas
- Function
- Extend the head
- Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
4
Q
Obliquus capitis superior m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: Between superior and inferior nuchal line of occipital B.
- Origin: transverse process of atlas
- Function:
- Extend the head
- Laterally flex the head
- Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
5
Q
Obliquus capitis inferior m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: transverse process of atlas
- Origin: spinous process of axis
- Function:
- Rotate face toward
- Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami of C1)
6
Q
Name the “other” deep back muscles.
A
- Interspinalis m. (L, T, C)
- Intertransversarii m. (L, T, C)
7
Q
Interspinalis m. (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: spinous process
- Origin: adjacent spinous process
- Action: extends the spine
- Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami)
8
Q
Intertransversarii m. (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion:
- Cervicis: adjacent posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process
- Thoracis: transverse process
- Lumborum: mamillary process
- Origin:
- Cervicis: posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process
- Thoracis: adjacent transverse process
- Lumborum: adjacent mamillary process
- Action: laterally flex the spine
- Innervation: suboccipital N. (posterior rami)
9
Q
Name the transversospinalis muscles (layer 6).
A
- Semispinalis capitis m.
- Semispinalis cervicis m.
- Semispinalis thoracis m.
- Multifudus m. (L, T, C)
- Rotatores longus m. (L, T, C)
- Rotatores brevis m. (L, T, C)
10
Q
Semispinalis capitis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the suboccipital bone
- Origin:
- Articular processes of C4-C6
- Transverse processes of C7-T6
- Action:
- Extends the head
- Rotates the face away
- Innervation: posterior rami
11
Q
Semispinalis cervicis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: spinous process of C2-C5
- Origin: transverse processes of T1-T6
- Action:
- Extend the spine
- Rotate the spine away
- Innervation: posterior rami
12
Q
Semispinalis thoracis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: spinous processes of C6-T4
- Origin: transverse processes of T6-T12
- Action:
- Extend the spine
- Rotate the spine away
- Innervation: posterior rami
13
Q
Multifidus m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: spinous processes (3-4 segments superiorly)
- Origin:
- Cervicis: articular processes of C4-C7
- Thoracis: transverse processes
- Lumborum: mamillary processes
- Action
- Extend the spine
- Rotate the spine away
- Innervation: posterior rami
14
Q
Rotatores longus m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: roots of spinous processes 2 segments superiorly
- Origin: transverse processes
- Action:
- Extend spine
- Rotate spine away
- Proprioception
- Innervation: posterior rami
15
Q
Rotatores brevis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: roots of adjacent spinous processes
- Origin: transverse processes
- Action:
- Extend spine
- Rotate spine away
- Proprioception
- Innervation: posterior rami
16
Q
Name the erector spinae muscles (layer 5).
A
- Iliocostalis lumborum m.
- Iliocostalis thoracis m.
- Iliocostalis cervicis m.
- Longissimus thoracis m.
- Longissiumus cervicis m.
- Longissimus capitis m.
- Spinalis thoracis m.
- Spinalis cervicis m.
- Longissimus capitis m.
17
Q
Iliocostalis lumborum m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: costal angles of ribs 7-12
- Origin:
- Posteriomedial iliac crest
- Medial sacral
- Lateral sacral crest
- Action:
- Maintain erect posture
- Extend vertebral column
- Laterally flex vertebral column
- Innervation: posterior rami
18
Q
Iliocostalis thoracis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: costal angles of ribs 1-6
- Origin: costal angles of ribs 7-12
- Action:
- Maintain erect posture
- Extend vertebral column
- Laterally flex vertebral column
- Innervation: posterior rami
19
Q
Iliocostalis cervicis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: posterior tubercles of transverse process C4-C6
- Origin: costal angles of ribs 3-6
- Action:
- Extend the neck
- Laterally flex the vertebral column
- Laterally flex the neck
- Innervation: posterior rami
20
Q
Longissimus thoracis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion:
- Transverse processes T1-L2
- Ribs 3-12 between costaltubercle and costal angle
- Origin:
- Transverse and accessory processes L1-L5
- Posteriomedial iliac crest
- Lateral sacral crest
- Medal sacral crest
- Median sacral crest
- Action:
- Maintain erect posture
- Extend the vertebral column
- Innervation: posterior rami
21
Q
Longissimus cervicis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: posterior tubercles of transverse processes and articular processes C2-C6
- Origin: Transverse processes T1-T5
- Action:
- Extends the neck
- Laterally flexes the neck
- Innervation: posterior rami
22
Q
Longissimus capitis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: mastoid process of temporal B.
- Origin:
- Articular processes C5-C7
- Transverse processes T1-T5
- Action:
- Extend the neck
- Laterally flex the neck
- Rotate the face toward
- Innervation: posterior rami
23
Q
Spinalis thoracis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Innervation: spinous processes T1-T8
- Origin: spinous processes T11-L2
- Action:
- Maintain erect posture
- Extend the vertebral column
- Innervation: posterior rami
24
Q
Spinalis cervicis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
A
- Insertion: spinous process of C2
- Origin:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous process of C7
- Action:
- Extend the neck
- Laterally flex the vertebral column
- Laterally flex the neck
- Innervation: posterior rami
25
Spinalis capitis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: blends in with semispinalis capitis m.
* Origin:
* Spinous process C7
* Inferiormost nuchal l.
* Action:
* Extend the neck
* Laterally flex the neck
* Innervation: *posterior rami*
26
Name the muscles of layer 4 (intrinsic).
* Splenius capitis m.
* Splenius cervicis m.
27
Splenius capitus m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion:
* Lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
* Mastoid process of temporal bone
* Origin:
* Lower 1/2 of the nuchal ligament
* Spinous processes of C7-T3(4)
* Action:
* Extend the neck
* Laterally flex the neck
* Rotate the face toward
* Innervation: *posterior rami (C3-C5)*
28
Splenius cervicis m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: transverse process of C1-C3(4)
* Origin: spinous processes T3-T6
* Action:
* Extend the neck
* Laterally flex the neck
* Rotate the face toward
* Innervation: *posterior rami (C5-C7)*
29
Name the muscles of layer 3 (extrinsic).
* Serratus posterior superior m.
* Serratus posterior inferior m.
30
Serratus posterior superior m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: superior surface of ribs 2-5
* Origin:
* Inferiormost nuchal ligament
* Spinous processes C7-T3
* Action:
* Elevate the ribs during forced inspiration
* Prioprioception
* Innervation: intercostal nerves (2-5)
31
Serratus posterior inferior m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs 8-12
* Origin: spinous processes of T11-L2
* Action:
* Depress the ribs during forced expiration
* Proprioception
* Innervation: anterior rami of T9-12
32
Name the muscles of layer 2 (extrinsic).
* Rhomboid major m.
* Rhomboid minor m.
* Levator scapulae m.
33
Rhomboid major m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: medial border of the scapula (inferior to the scapular spine)
* Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
* Action:
* Retract scapula
* Elevate scapula
* Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
* Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
34
Rhomboid minor m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: medial border of the scapula (at the scapular spine)
* Origin: spinous processes C7, T1
* Action:
* Retract scapula
* Elevate scapula
* Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
* Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
35
Levator scapulae m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: medial border of the scapula (superior to the scapular spine)
* Origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-C4
* Action:
* Retract scapula
* Elevate the scapula
* Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
* *IF scapula is fixed:*
* **Extend the neck
* Laterally flex the neck
* Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
36
Name the muscles of layer 1 (extrinsic).
* Trapezius m.
* Latissimus dorsi m
37
Trapezius m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion:
* lateral 1/3 of clavicle
* acromion
* scapular spine
* Origin
* Medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line
* External occipital protuberance
* Nuchal ligament
* Spinous processes C7-T12
* Action
* Whole muscle
* Retract the scapula
* Rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly
* Inferior part
* Depress the scapula
* With scapula fixed
* Extend the neck
* Laterally flex the neck
* Rotate face away
* Innervation: spinal accessory n. (C11)
38
Latissimus dorsi m.
(Insertion, Origin, Action, Innervation)
* Insertion: floor of humeral intertubercular groove
* Origin:
* Spinous processes T6-L5
* Ribs 9-12
* Iliac crest
* Median sacral crest via thoracolumbar fascia
* Action:
* Extend humerus
* Adduct humerus
* Mediall rotate the humerus
* Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
* Innervation: thoracodorsal n.
39
