Upper Body Muscles

Question 1

Temporalis

Answer 1

Attachment:
Temporal Fossa to Coronoid Process of Mandible.

Function:
Elevates and retracts the mandible (closes the jaw).

Nerve Supply:
Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal (V) nerve.

Question 2

Masseter

Answer 2

Attachment:
Zygomatic Arch to Ramus of Mandible (angle of mandible).

Function:
Elevates and closes the jaw.

Nerve Supply:
Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal (V) nerve.

Question 3

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 3

Attachment:
Sphenoid Bone to Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Joint.

Function:
Protracts the mandible, assists in jaw opening, and aids in side-to-side movements of the jaw.

Nerve Supply: Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal (V) nerve.

Question 4

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 4

Attachment: Maxilla to Lateral Pterygoid Plate (Sphenoid Bone).

Function: Elevates the mandible, assists in jaw closure, and aids in side-to-side movements of the jaw.

Nerve Supply: Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal (V) nerve.

Question 5

Diaphragm Muscle:

Answer 5

Attachment:
Attaches to the xiphoid process of the sternum, lower ribs, and lumbar vertebrae (L1-L3).

Function:
The primary muscle of respiration; is when it contracts, it flattens and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, causing inhalation. When it relaxes, it returns to its dome shape and causes exhalation.

Nerve Supply:
Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

Blood Supply;
Phrenic Arteries

Question 6

External Intercostal Muscles:

Answer 6

Attachment:
Located between adjacent ribs.

Function:
Elevate ribcage during inhalation, expanding the thoracic cavity to assist in breathing.

Nerve Supply:
Intercostal nerves

Blood Supply:
Intercostal arteries,

Question 7

Internal Intercostal Muscles:

Answer 7

Attachment:
Also situated between adjacent ribs.

Function:
Aid in the forced expiration by depressing the ribcage, reducing the thoracic cavity’s volume.

Nerve Supply:
Intercostal nerves.

Blood Supply:
Intercostal arteries, which originate from the thoracic aorta.

Question 8

Innermost Intercostal Muscles:

Answer 8

Attachment:
deep within the intercostal spaces, between adjacent ribs.

Function:
Aid in the forced expiration by depressing the ribcage, reducing the thoracic cavity’s volume,

Nerve Supply:
Intercostal nerves

Blood Supply:
Intercostal arteries

Question 9

Serratus Posterior Superior:

Answer 9

Attachment:
Attaches to the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae to the upper ribs (2nd to 5th).

Function:
Elevates the upper ribs, assisting in inhalation.

Nerve Supply:
Intercostal nerves (upper five intercostal nerves)

Blood Supply:
Supplied by the posterior intercostal arteries.

Question 10

Serratus Posterior Inferior:

Answer 10

Attachment:
Originates from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae to the lower ribs (8th to 12th).

Function:
Depresses the lower ribs, aiding in forced exhalation.

Nerve Supply:
Intercostal nerves (lower five intercostal nerves).

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries.

Question 11

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 11

Attachment: (dktk)
Originates from the pubic symphysis and inserts into the costal cartilages of the 5th to 7th ribs and the xiphoid process.

Function:
Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal contents.

Nerve Supply:
Lower six intercostal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal nerves (T12).

Blood Supply:
Subclavian Artery -> Internal Thoracic artery
Supplied by the superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, and the musculophrenic artery

Question 12

Internal Obliques
Layer 2

Answer 12

Attachment: (dntk)
Originates from the iliac crest, and inguinal ligament, inserting into the lower three ribs,

Function:
Contributes to trunk flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion while also compressing the abdominal contents.

Nerve Supply:
Lower six intercostal nerves (T7-T11) and the subcostal nerve (T12).

Blood Supply:
Originate at Thoracic Aorta
Supplied by the superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, and the musculophrenic artery

Question 13

External Obliques
Layer 1

Answer 13

Attachment:
Originates from the lower eight ribs, inserting into the iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and linea alba.

Function:
Primarily responsible for trunk flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion while also assisting in compressing the abdominal contents.

Nerve Supply:
Lower six intercostal nerves (T7-T11) and the subcostal nerve (T12).

Blood Supply:
Originates at Thoracic Aorta
Supplied by the superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, and the musculophrenic artery

Question 14

Pyramidalis

Answer 14

Attachment:
Attaches to the pubic symphysis and the linea alba.

Function:
Assists in tensioning the linea alba and flexing the anterior abdominal wall.

Nerve Supply:
The lower six intercostal nerves (T7-T11) and the subcostal nerve (T12)

Blood Supply:
Iliac Artery
Supplied by branches of the lower epigastric arteries and other vessels in the abdominal region.

Question 15

Transversus Abdominis
Layer 3

Answer 15

Attachment:
Originates from the lower six ribs, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament, and inserts into the linea alba and the pubic crest.

Function:
Acts as the innermost layer of the abdominal muscles, providing stability to the abdominal wall and assisting in compression of the abdominal contents.

Nerve Supply:
Lower six intercostal nerves (T7-T11) and the subcostal nerve (T12)

Blood Supply:
Thoracic and Iliac Artery

Question 16

Splenius Capitis:

Answer 16

Attachment:
Originates from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T6, inserting into the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the occipital bone.

Function:
Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the head and neck.

Nerve Supply:
posterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
occipital artery and the vertebral artery.

Question 17

Splenius Cervicis:

Answer 17

Attachment:
Originates from the spinous processes of T3-T6 or T3-T7 and inserts into the transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4.

Function:
Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the cervical spine.

Nerve Supply:
posterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
vertebral artery and deep cervical artery.

Question 18

Longissimus Thoracis:

Answer 18

Attachment:
Originates from the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and inserts into the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Function:
Extends and laterally flexes the spine and supports posture.

Nerve Supply:
posterior rami of the spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.

Question 19

Iliocostalis Thoracis:

Answer 19

Attachment:
Originates from the iliac crest and inserts into the ribs.

Function:
Extends and laterally flexes the spine and helps with posture.

Nerve Supply:
posterior rami of the spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.

Question 20

Spinalis Thoracis:

Answer 20

Attachment:
Originates from the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae, and inserts into the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae.

Function:
Extends the thoracic spine and supports posture.

Nerve Supply:
Innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.

Question 21

Semispinalis Capitis
and
Semispinalis Thoracis

Answer 21

Attachment:
Originates from the transverse processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae and inserts into the spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

Function:
Extends and rotates the spine and supports posture.

Nerve Supply:
Innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.

Question 22

Multifidus

Answer 22

Attachment:
Originates from the sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, and the transverse processes of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, inserting into the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

Function:
Stabilizes and extends the spine, supporting posture and fine movements of the vertebral column.

Nerve Supply:
Innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.

Question 23

Rotatores

Answer 23

Attachment:
Originates from the transverse processes of the vertebrae and inserts into the spinous processes of the vertebrae above.

Function:
Assist in rotation and lateral flexion of spine.

Nerve Supply:
Innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.

Blood Supply:
posterior intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.

Question 24

Obliquus Capitis Superior:

NEED TO KNOW SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT

Answer 24

Attachment:
Originates from the transverse process of the atlas (C1) and inserts into the occipital bone.

Function:
Primarily responsible for lateral flexion and rotation of the head and neck.

Nerve Supply:
Innervated by the suboccipital nerve (C1)

Blood Supply:
vertebral artery and occipital artery.

Question 25

Obliquus Capitis Inferior: NEED TO KNOW SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT

Answer 25

Attachment: Originates from the spinous process of the axis (C2) and inserts into the transverse process of the atlas (C1). Function: Primarily responsible for the rotation of the head and neck. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the suboccipital nerve (C1), Blood Supply: vertebral artery and occipital artery.

Question 26

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor: NEED TO KNOW SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT

Answer 26

Attachment: Originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas (C1) and inserts into the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Function: head extension and minor lateral flexion. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the suboccipital nerve (C1) Blood Supply: vertebral artery and occipital artery

Question 27

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 27

lateral flexion and rotation, extension sternum mastoid processes and clavicle

Question 28

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major: NEED TO KNOW SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT

Answer 28

Attachment: Originates from the spinous process of the axis (C2) and inserts into the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Function: Primarily responsible for head extension. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the suboccipital nerve (C1) Blood Supply: vertebral artery and occipital artery.

Question 29

Pectoralis Major:

Answer 29

Attachment: Originates from the clavicle, sternum, and upper six costal cartilages, inserting into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Function: including arm flexion, adduction, and medial rotation. Nerve Supply: medial and lateral pectoral nerves. Blood Supply: axillary artery and thoracoacromial artery

Question 30

Pectoralis Minor:

Answer 30

Attachment: Originates from the anterior surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, and inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula. Function: Stabilizes the scapula, scapular protraction and depression. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the medial pectoral nerve. Blood Supply: axillary artery and thoracoacromial artery.

Question 31

Subclavius Muscle:

Answer 31

Attachment: Originates from the first rib and its cartilage, and inserts into the inferior surface of the clavicle. Function: stabilizes and depresses the clavicle Nerve Supply: Innervated by the subclavian nerve. Blood Supply: Axillary artery & thoracoacromial artery.

Question 32

Clavicular Head of Deltoid: (Anterior/Frontal)

Answer 32

Attachment: Originates from the lateral third of the clavicle. Function: Assists in arm flexion and medial rotation. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the axillary nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: Axillary artery

Question 33

Acromial Head of Deltoid: (Medial)

Answer 33

Attachment: Originates from the acromion process of the scapula. Function: Primarily responsible for arm abduction. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the axillary nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: axillary artery

Question 34

Spinal Head of Deltoid: (Posterior/Rear)

Answer 34

Attachment: Originates from the spine of the scapula. Function: Assists in arm extension and lateral rotation. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the axillary nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: Receives blood from branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.

Question 35

Serratus Anterior:

Answer 35

Attachment: Originates from the lateral surface of the first to ninth ribs and inserts into the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula. Function: The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for scapular protraction, upward rotation, and assists in maintaining scapular stability, allowing for smooth arm movements. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5-C7). Blood Supply: lateral thoracic artery.

Question 36

Levator Scapulae:

Answer 36

Attachment: Originates from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C4) and inserts into the medial border of the scapula. Function: Elevates and retracts the scapula. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (C3-C4) and the third and fourth cervical nerves (C3-C4). Blood Supply: dorsal scapular artery and ascending cervical artery.

Question 37

Rhomboid Major:

Answer 37

Attachment: Originates from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae (T2-T5) and inserts into the medial border of the scapula. Function: Retracts and stabilizes the scapula. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (C5). Blood Supply: dorsal scapular artery.

Question 38

Rhomboid Minor:

Answer 38

Attachment: Originates from the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae (C7-T1) and inserts into the medial border of the scapula. Function: Retracts and stabilizes the scapula. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (C5). Blood Supply: dorsal scapular artery.

Question 39

Trapezius: has a superior, middle and inferior part

Answer 39

Attachment: Originates from the nuchal ligament, spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae (C7-T12), and the scapular spine, inserting into the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula. Function: The trapezius muscle is responsible for various movements of the scapula and supports head and neck movement. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and branches of the cervical spinal nerves (C3-C4). Blood Supply: transverse cervical artery and superficial cervical artery.

Question 40

Latissimus Dorsi:

Answer 40

Attachment: Originates from the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower three or four ribs, and inserts into the humerus (intertubercular groove). Function: The latissimus dorsi muscle primarily facilitates arm extension, adduction, and medial rotation. Nerve Supply: Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8). Blood Supply: thoracodorsal artery.

Question 41

Teres Major:

Answer 41

Attachment: Originates from the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts into the humerus (intertubercular groove). Function: Assists in arm adduction and medial rotation. Nerve Supply: lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7). Blood Supply: subscapular artery

Question 42

Teres Minor:

Answer 42

Attachment: Originates from the lateral border of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Function: lateral rotation of the arm. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the axillary nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: circumflex scapular artery

Question 43

Supraspinatus:

Answer 43

Attachment: Originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Function: The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for initiating and assisting in arm abduction, specifically during the first 15 degrees of this movement. Nerve Supply: Innervated by suprascapular nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: suprascapular artery and the anterior humeral circumflex artery.

Question 44

Subscapularis

Answer 44

Attachment: Originates from the subscapular fossa of the scapula and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Function: The subscapularis muscle is the most powerful medial rotator of the arm and contributes to shoulder joint stability. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C6). Blood Supply: Receives blood from branches of the subscapular artery.

Question 45

Infraspinatus

Answer 45

Attachment: Originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Function: The infraspinatus muscle is primarily responsible for lateral (external) rotation of the arm, contributing to shoulder joint stability. Nerve Supply: Innervated by suprascapular nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: suprascapular artery and the posterior humeral circumflex artery.

Question 46

Biceps Brachii:

Answer 46

Attachment: Originates from the scapula (long head) and the coracoid process of the scapula (short head) and inserts into the radial tuberosity and the forearm fascia. Function: elbow flexion, forearm supination, and assists in shoulder flexion. Nerve Supply: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6). Blood Supply: Supplied by branches of the brachial artery.

Question 47

Brachialis:

Answer 47

Attachment: Originates from the distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus and inserts into the ulnar tuberosity. Function: primary flexor of the elbow joint. Nerve Supply: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) and the radial nerve. Blood Supply: brachial artery.

Question 48

Coracobrachialis

Answer 48

Attachment: Originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts into the medial surface of the humerus. Function: assists in arm flexion and adduction. Nerve Supply: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7). Blood Supply: brachial artery

Question 49

Triceps Brachii:

Answer 49

Attachment: Originates from the scapula (long head), humerus (lateral head), and humerus (medial head) and inserts into the olecranon process of the ulna. Function: extending the elbow joint and forearm. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the radial nerve (C6-C8). Blood Supply: deep brachial artery.

Question 50

Anconeus

Answer 50

Attachment: Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the olecranon process of the ulna. Function: The anconeus muscle assists in elbow extension and provides stability to the elbow joint. Nerve Supply: Innervated by the radial nerve (C7-C8). Blood Supply: profunda brachii artery and posterior ulnar recurrent artery.