Upper Extemity

Question 1

Axilla Boundaries (apex, base, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral)

Answer 1

apex = 1st rib/clavicle
base = skin of axilla
anterior= pectoral mm.
posterior= scapula, subscapular m.
medial = thoracic wall, serratus anterior m.
lateral= humerus

Question 2

axilla contents

Answer 2

axillary n, axillary a., axillary v., 3 cords of brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes

Question 3

Functions, innervation, and arterial supply of anterior compartment

Answer 3

shoulder & elbow flexion
musculocutaneous n.
brachial a.

Question 4

Functions, innervation, and arterial supply of posterior compartment of arm

Answer 4

shoulder & elbow extension
radial n.
profunda brachii a.

Question 5

Lateral cord of musculocutaneous nerve branches to which 3 muscles

Answer 5

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

Question 6

Posterior cord of radial nerve innervates which two muscles

Answer 6

triceps brachii, anconeus

Question 7

Artery in the triangular space

Answer 7

circumflex scapular a.

Question 8

Nerve and artery in triceps hiatus

Answer 8

radial n.

profunda brachii a.

Question 9

5 Axillary Lymph Nodes

Answer 9

central, apical, subscapular, humeral, pectoral

Question 10

Where does lateral arm & shoulder lymph drain into?

Answer 10

infraclavicular lymph node

Question 11

What lymph node does the hand, forearm, medial arm, and deep forearm drain into?

Answer 11

humeral lymph node

Question 12

What lymph node does posterior shoulder, posterior thorax, and scapula drain into?

Answer 12

Subscapular

Question 13

What lymph node does anterior thorax and breast drain into?

Answer 13

pectoral

Question 14

What lymph node does hand and forearm drain into?

Answer 14

supratrochlear

Question 15

What three lymph nodes drain into the central lymph node?

Answer 15

Humeral, pectoral, subscapular

Question 16

True or False: The Dorsal Scapular nerve has motor, postganglionic sympathetic, and sensory function

Answer 16

False: dorsal scapular nerve does not have sensory function

Question 17

Muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve

Answer 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi

Question 18

Muscles innervated by radial nerve

Answer 18

Triceps brachial
Brachioradialis
Anconenous
Extensor forearm muscles

Question 19

Name the 3 articulations at the elbow and what kind of synovial joint they are

Answer 19

Humeroulnar: hinge
Humeroradial: gliding
Proximal radioulnar: pivot

Question 20

What happens to the carrying angle of the elbow when in flexion?

Answer 20

Angle decreases

Question 21

Normal carrying angle for elbow for female & male

Answer 21

Female = 10°-15°
Male = 5-10°

Question 22

Excessive cubitus valgus

Answer 22

Greater than 30°

Question 23

Gun stock deformity/ severe cubitus varus

Answer 23

> -15°

Question 24

Where are bursae located in the elbow?

Answer 24

Olecranon, medial & lateral epicondyle, anconeous, origin of extensorycarpi radialis brevis

Question 25

Pronation and supination must occur _______ at both _____ and ____ _______ joints

Answer 25

simultaneously; proximal; ulnar; radioulnar

Question 26

Superficial anterior compartment of forearm contains which muscles

Answer 26

Pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 27

Intermediate anterior compartment contains which muscle

Answer 27

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 28

Deep anterior compartment of forearm contains which muscles?

Answer 28

Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

Question 29

Medial epicondyle is a common spot for which muscles to attach? Lateral epicondyle?

Answer 29

``` Medial = flexors Lateral = extensors ```

Question 30

Posterior compartment of forearm: actions, innervation, arterial supply

Answer 30

extension, supination radial nerve radial artery/ posterior interosseus

Question 31

Superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 31

brachioradialis e. carpi radialis longus e. carpi radialis brevis e. carpi ulnaris e. digiti minimi e. digitorum

Question 32

Deep layer of posterior compartment of forearm (including outcropping thumb muscles)

Answer 32

supinator extensor indicis thumb muscles: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus

Question 33

What ligament is a part of the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 33

Transverse carpal ligament

Question 34

What does the flexor retinaculum attach to on the ulnar and radial side?

Answer 34

Ulnar: hook of hamate, pisiform Radial: trapezium, scaphoid

Question 35

How many extensor compartments are there and what tendons run through each one?

Answer 35

Six 1: abductor pollicis longus, extensory pollicis longus 2: extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis 3: extensor pollicis longus 4: extensor digitorum, extensor indicis 5: extensor digiti minimi 6: extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 36

What muscle's tendon turns at the dorsal tubercle of the radius?

Answer 36

extensor pollicis longus

Question 37

what are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box dorasally and palmarly?

Answer 37

dorsal: EPL (3rd compartment) palmar: APL, EPB (1st compartment)

Question 38

What two annular palmar digital sheaths is most critical for preventing bowstringing of tendons? Where are they situated?

Answer 38

A2 and A4 A2= between MP joint and PIP joint A4= between PIP joint and DIP joint

Question 39

What are the intertendinous connections of the extensor digitorum called and what is there purpose?

Answer 39

Juncturae tendinum | distribute forces

Question 40

What do the lumbrical muscles attach to?

Answer 40

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 41

What ligament(s) are taut in digital flexion?

Answer 41

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments of the digits

Question 42

What is the volar plate?

Answer 42

Palmar ligament; prevents finger hyperextension

Question 43

What is the extensor mechanism?

Answer 43

tendon covering of dorsal aspect of digits cable system that extends MCP joints and IPJ Allows lumbricals and interossei muscles to assist in MCP flexion

Question 44

The 1st and 2nd lumbricals are innervated by? 3rd and 4th?

Answer 44

Median; ulnar

Question 45

Which joints are classified as condyloid?

Answer 45

Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal,

Question 46

What classification of joint is interphalangeal joints (PIP, DIP)?

Answer 46

Hinge

Question 47

What is the joint classification of the first carpometacarpal joint? The 2nd-5th?

Answer 47

Saddle | Plane/gliding