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Rad Procedures x-ray views > upper extremities > Flashcards

upper extremities Flashcards

1
Q

PA finger

A
  • 18x24cm
  • masking 3 views, butting up
  • hand pronated
  • 40”SID
  • Centering at - proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
  • need to show distal end of metacarpal
  • legs can’t be under table
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2
Q

Lateral finger

A
  • 18x24cm
  • masking 3 views, butting up
  • 40”SID
  • 2nd digit flip hand over (medial to lateral)
  • resting on lateral surface
  • Centering at PIP joint
  • need to show distal end of metacarpal
  • rotate externally for digits 3,4, & 5
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3
Q

PA Oblique Finger

A

-18x24cm
-masking 3 views, butting up
40”SID
-hand on 45* angle (PA), place on sponge
-Centering at IP joint
-need to show distal end of metacarpal

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4
Q

PA thumb

A
  • 18x24cm
  • mask 3 views
  • 40”SID
  • lift thumb up, rest on sponge
  • hand resting on medial surface
  • Centering at 1st MCP joint
  • need to show trapezium
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5
Q

Lateral thumb

A
  • 18x24cm
  • mask 3 views
  • from prone, rotate hand internally
  • Centering 1st MCP joint
  • 40”SID
  • need to show trapezium
  • flex fingers
  • fingers resting on sponge
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6
Q

PA oblique thumb

A
  • 18x24cm
  • mask 3 views
  • 40”SID
  • normal PA hand but thumb on 45* angle in middle of IR
  • Centering 1st MCP joint
  • need to show trapezium
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7
Q

PA hand

A
  • 24x30cm
  • hand pronated
  • 40”SID
  • Centering 3rd MCP joint
  • include all carpals and distal radius and ulna
  • marker on lateral side
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8
Q

PA oblique hand

A
  • 24x30cm
  • Centering 3rd MCP joint
  • 40”SID
  • include all carpals and distal radius and ulna
  • marker on lateral side
  • hand on 45* angle, thumb up
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9
Q

AP oblique hand

A
  • 24x30cm
  • Centering 3rd MCP joint
  • include all carpals and distal radius and ulna
  • marker on lateral side
  • 40”SID
  • hand on 45*angle thumb up
  • extend arm
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10
Q

Fanned Lateral hand

A
  • 24x30cm
  • Centering 2nd MCP joint
  • include all carpals and distal radius and ulna
  • hand lateral, resting on lateral side
  • 40”SID
  • marker on lateral side
  • Make “Ok” sign, and straighten fingers out
  • make sure hand stays up
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11
Q

“Ball catchers” bilateral AP oblique hands

A
  • 24x30cm or bigger if needed
  • Centering midway between hands at MCP joint level
  • include all carpals and distal radius and ulna
  • both markers on lateral sides
  • 40”SID
  • thumbs up
  • extend elbows
  • cupped fingers, thumbs inside
  • use sponge to hold hands on 45* angle
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12
Q

PA wrist

A
  • 18x24cm
  • flexed elbow 90*
  • 40”SID
  • hand pronated, flex fingers
  • Centering mid carpal area
  • line up elbow and wrist on same plane
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13
Q

lateral wrist

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • flexed elbow 90*
  • lateral hand
  • may have to oblique hand slightly to line up hand
  • put thumb on top of 2nd digit
  • Centering mid carpal area
  • line up elbow and wrist on same plane
  • legs can’t be under table
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14
Q

PA oblique wrist

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • flexed elbow 90*
  • hand on 45* angle, palm down, thumb up
  • Centering mid carpal area
  • line up elbow and wrist on same plane
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15
Q

AP oblique wrist

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • extend elbow
  • hand on 45* angle, palm up, thumb up
  • Centering mid carpal area
  • line up elbow and wrist on same plane
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16
Q

PA scaphoid

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • hand prone
  • thumb straight on IR
  • ulnar deviation
  • Centering on scaphoid(snuffbox)
  • tight collimation
  • include distil end of ulna and radius and proximal end of metacarpals
17
Q

PA axial scaphoid

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • hand prone
  • thumb straight on IR
  • ulnar deviation
  • Centering on scaphoid(snuffbox)
  • tight collimation
  • include distil end of ulna and radius and proximal end of metacarpals
  • angle tube 20* towards elbow or use sponge
  • fix SID
  • marker on lateral side
  • legs can’t be under table
18
Q

AP forearm

A
  • 35x43cm
  • 40”SID
  • extend arm, supinate hand
  • shoulder, elbow, and wrist all on same plane
  • Centering on midpoint of forearm
  • include both joints
  • lean patient slightly lateral thumb touch IR
  • marker on lateral side towards hand
19
Q

Lateral forearm

A
  • 35x43cm
  • 40”SID
  • flex elbow 90*
  • shoulder, elbow, and wrist all on same plane
  • Centering at midpoint of forearm
  • include both joints
  • hand, wrist lateral
  • don’t lift hand
  • marker on lateral side towards hand
20
Q

AP elbow

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • shoulder, elbow, and wrist all on same plane
  • extend arm, supinate hand
  • lean patient slightly lateral
  • Centering at crease of mid elbow
  • line up epicondyles, external rotate
  • marker on lateral side towards shoulder
21
Q

Lateral elbow

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • shoulder, elbow, and wrist all on same plane
  • flex elbow 90*
  • hand and wrist lateral
  • Centering over lateral epicondyle or mid elbow
  • raise hand to superimpose epicondyles
  • marker by olecranon process
22
Q

AP oblique (medial rotation) elbow

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • shoulder, elbow, and wrist all on same plane
  • life arm up and turn elbow
  • extend arm and pronate hand
  • Centering at crease of mid elbow
  • rotate elbow 45* internally
  • marker on lateral side towards shoulder
23
Q

AP oblique (lateral rotation) elbow

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • shoulder, elbow, and wrist all on same plane
  • life arm up and turn elbow
  • extend arm and supinate hand
  • Centering crease of mid elbow
  • rotate elbow 45* externally
  • thumb touch IR
  • marker on lateral side towards shoulder
24
Q

trauma axial lateral radial head and capitulum

“Coyle method”

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • flex elbow 90*
  • wrist, elbow, and shoulder on same plane
  • pronate hand
  • Centering on radial head
  • angle tube 45* toward shoulder
  • marker by olecranon process
25
Q

AP humerus

A
  • 35x43cm
  • 40”SID
  • lengthwise
  • at wall bucky, facing tube
  • hand supinated
  • Centering at midpoint of humerus
  • include both joints
  • turn collimator head
  • suspend respiration
  • epicondyles parallel to IR
  • marker on lateral side, face up
26
Q

AP lateromedial humerus

A
  • 35x43cm
  • 40”SID
  • lengthwise
  • facing tube, at wall bucky
  • Centering at midpoint of humerus
  • include both joints
  • hand on hip or stomach
  • suspend respiration
  • marker on lateral side, at shoulder, face up
27
Q

AP shoulder - 2 views

A
  • 24x30cm
  • 40”SID
  • IR crosswise
  • include whole clavicle and scapula
  • Centering 2” below clavicle
  • suspend respiration
  • use filter
  • marker lateral side, face up
  • rotate hand
    1. external, palm out
    2. internal, thumb back
28
Q

AP oblique Glenoid cavity

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • crosswise
  • don’t need full clavicle or scapula
  • hand on stomach
  • Centering over hollow in shoulder
  • use filter
  • oblique patient towards affected side
  • suspend respiration
  • marker on lateral side, face up
29
Q

inferosuperior axial shoulder

A
  • 18x24cm
  • 40”SID
  • crosswise
  • patient lays on table
  • bring pt. to edge of table
  • put sponge under shoulder
  • Centering through armpit
  • get pt. to hold stool (external rotation), palm up
  • angle tube 15-30*
  • get patient to hold IR with other hand
  • turn Pt. head away from IR
  • suspend respiration
  • marker up
30
Q

AP bilateral A.C. joints - without weights

A
  • 35x43 cm
  • crosswise
  • 72” SID
  • Centering just above jugular notch
  • arms neutral
  • without weights
  • left and right marker
  • don’t need humerus shaft
  • thyroid collar
  • suspended breath after exhalation
31
Q

AP bilateral A.C. joints - with weights

A
  • 35x43cm
  • crosswise
  • 72” SID
  • Centering just above jugular notch
  • with weights, tell pt. to relax arms
  • left and right marker, add ww marker
  • don’t need humerus shaft
  • thyroid collar
  • suspended breath after exhalation
32
Q

AP clavicle

A
  • 24x30cm
  • crosswise
  • 40”SID
  • Centering just above mid-clavicle
  • need whole clavicle
  • show to other side of sternal notch
  • marker face up
  • rotate head away
  • suspend respiration after full inspiration
33
Q

AP axial clavicle

A
  • 24x30cm
  • 40”SID
  • crosswise
  • angle tube 20* cephalad, towards head (up)
  • aline laser with IR Bucky handle
  • Centering just below mid-clavicle
  • need whole clavicle
  • show to other side of sternal notch
  • marker face up, arrow up to show angle
  • rotate head away
  • suspend respiration after full inspiration
34
Q

AP scapula

A
  • 24x30cm
  • 40”SID
  • lengthwise
  • Centering 2” below coracoid
  • Don’t oblique pt.
  • don’t need whole clavicle
  • need whole scapula
  • put arm up “salut”
  • marker face up
  • shallow breathing
35
Q

lateral Y scap

-PA oblique scapula

A
  • 24x30cm
  • 40”SID
  • lengthwise
  • pt. facing bucky
  • angle pt. 45-60*
  • Centering midpoint of medial border on scapula
  • include whole scapula
  • move arm off scapula, hand on hip
  • suspend respiration
  • marker face down
36
Q

PA Bilateral hands

A
  • 24x30cm
  • crosswise
  • both hands PA
  • fingers straight
  • extend elbows
  • 40”SID
  • both markers face down

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