Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is articulations?

A

joints or arthroses
hold bones together but offers some degree of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are joint classifications?

A

Functionally and structurally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functional classifications?

A

Synarthrosis - immovable
Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
Diarthrosis - freely moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structural classification

A

fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
sinovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fibrous joint

A

no sinovial cavity
bones held together by dense connective tissue (rich in collagen)
strongest joints in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

no synovial cavity
bones held together by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

synovial joint

A

have a synovial cavity or joint cavity
bones held together by dense connective tissue
often have accessory ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 types if fibrous joints?

A

syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis
interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Syndesmosis

A

slightly moveable joint (amphiarthrosis)
- distal tibia and fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

suture

A

immovable in adults (synarthrosis)
only in skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gomphosis

A

immovable joint in healthy gums (synarthrosis)
periodontal ligaments hold roots of teeth in position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

interosseous membrane

A

sheets of dense connective tissue (diarthrosis)
found between tibia and fibula AND radius and ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 cartilaginous joints?

A

symphysis
syndochondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

symphysis

A

joints contain a fibrocartiliginous disc - slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
designed for strength and shock absorbency
- pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints (discs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

synchondrosis

A

immovable joint (synarthrosis)
epiphyseal plate (temporary)
articulation between the first rib and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Articular capsule

A

surrounds all synovial joints and joins the bones together
outer layer - fibrous capsule - connects the capsule to the periosteum of the bone
inner layer - synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous, clear fluid (similar to an uncooked eggwhite)
consists of hylauronic acid and fluid filtered from blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

A

lubricates joint and reduces friction
absorbs shock
supplies oxygen and nutrients to chondrocytes within articular cartilage
removes wastes and CO2 from chondrocytes
removes debris from joint (normal wear and tear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what new the synovial joint accessories

A

ligaments
menisci - knee
labrum - shoulder and hip joints - deepens the joint socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 kinds of ligaments in the knee?

A

extracapsular and intracapsular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the extra capsular ligaments of the knee?

A

MCL and LCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the MCL attachment sites?

A

proximal condyle of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the LCL attachment sites?

A

lateral epicondyle of femur to fibular head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are incapsulate ligaments

A

ACL and PCL
- within the capsule but excluded from the synovial cavity (covered by folds of synovial membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why are the ACL and PCL cruciate ligaments
because they form an X
26
What are the ACL attachment sites?
Anterior tibial spines to mid lateral femoral condyle prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly to the tibia
27
What are PCL attachment sites?
posterior tibial spines to mid medial femoral condyle prevents the tibia from sliding posteriorly to the femur when the knee is flexed
28
What is bursae?
strategically placed to reduce friction in some joints fluid filled sacs cushion movement between: - skin and bones - tendons and bones -muscles and bones -ligaments and bones
29
What Is old maid's knee?
fluid filled intrapatellar bursae
30
What are the 6 classifications of synovial joints
1. gliding plane 2. hinge 3. pivot 4. condyloid (ellipsoid) 5. saddle 6. ball and socket
31
gliding plane joints
articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved - inter carpal bones, inter tarsal bones, SC joints, AC joints, sternocostal joints (2-7), costovertebral joints
32
Hinge joints
convex surface of one bone fits into the concave art of another permit flexion and extension only - knee, space between humerus and radius and ulna, ankle, interphalangeal joints
33
pivot joints
rounded or pointed surface on one bone articulates with a ring formed by bone and ligament - allows pronation and supination allows rotation only Atlanta-axial joint, radioulnar joints (both proximal and distal)
34
Condyloid (ellipsoid) joints
convex projection of one bone fits into oval-shaped depression in another permits flexion-extension and abduction-adduction (ulnar/radial deviation) radoiocarpal joints, MCPs (2-5)
35
saddle joint
one bone is saddle-shaped, the other sits in the saddle permits flexion-extension and abduction-adduction 1st CMC joint
36
ball and socket joint
head of one bone fits into a cup-like depression in the other shoulder, hip, talonavicular joints
37
Shoulder joint
glenohumeral joint ball and socket greatest degree of movement of any joint dislocation is common labrum helps to stabilize as well as 4 bursae
38
Rotator cuff muscles
provide greatest amount of stability to shoulder Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
39
AC joint
between acromion and clavicle Ligaments: acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular bottom of clavicle and acromion should line up if no AC separation
40
Elbow joint
hinge joint - head of radius articulates with capitulum of humerus - trochlear notch of ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus pivot joint - radial head articulates with radial notch of ulna
41
Elbow joint ligaments
Ulnar collateral ligament (Tommy John surgery) - medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon Radial collateral ligament - lateral epicondyle to annular ligament and radial notch of ulna Annular ligament - strong band that encircles radial head - holds radial head to radial notch
42
elbow ligament indetification
slide 50
43
Hip joint
less mobile compared to shoulder extremely stable - very strong articular capsule - accessory ligaments: ileofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligament of head of femur, transverse ligament of acetabulum - surrounding muscles - deep socket (acetabulum) - labrum
44
knee joint
tibiofemoral OR femorotibial largest and most complex in the body 3 joints within synovial cavity - lateral tibiofemoral - medial tibiofemoral - patellofemoral
45
What is the menisci
help compensate for the irregular shapes of the femur and tibia medial meniscus - C-shaped Lateral meniscus - nearly circular
46
Ankle joint
hinge joint dorsiflexion and plantar flexion medial ligaments - deltoid - more stable lateral ligaments - anterior talofibular ligament, calcanea fibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
47
Vertebral discs
cartilaginous joints (symphysis) designed for weight bearing annulus fibrosus nucleus pulposus
48
Hand
5 metacarpals, Metocarpophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx, proximal interphalangeal joint, middle phalanx, distal interphalangeal joint, and distal phalanx
49
Thumb
also referred to as pollex, has CMC joint, metacarpal, MCP joint, Proximal phalanx, interphalangeal joint and distal phalanx
50
Wrist
carpal bones proximal row (lateral to medial) - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform distal row (lateral to medial) - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
51
Scaphoid
- most commonly fractured carpal bone FOOSH - below anatomical snuff box - distal part of scaphoid is more anterior - blood flow to the proximal part of the scaphoid is retrograde - AVN is more common with proximal fractures
52
Carpal Tunnel
anterior surface of the wrist is concave (carpal sulcus) passageway created between the carpal sulcus and flexor retinaculum median nerve and flexor tendons pass through this area
53
joints of the hand
IP - hinge MCP - condyloid CMC - thumb (saddle) 2-5 gliding Intercarpal - gliding Radiocarpal - condyloid
54
What is the radoiocarpal joint?
radius articulates with the scaphoid and lunate palmer, radial, colar tilt of about 11 degrees
55
How do you open radiocarpal joint for x-ray?
angle CR 11 degrees cephalad
56
bones of the forearm
radius on lateral side ulna on medial side
57
What is the most distal part of the forearm?
radial styloid process
58
What is the most proximal part of the forearm?
olecranon process
59
What are the characteristics of the radius?
narrower at proximal end wider at distal end
60
What are the parts of the proximal end of the radius?
radial head radial neck radial tuberosity - distal to neck on anteromedial surface - attachment for biceps muscle
61
What are the parts of the distal end of the radius?
radial styloid process ulnar notch - named after the bone it articulates with not the bone it is on
62
What are the parts of the proximal end of the ulna?
trochlear notch - articulates with the trochlea of humerus - olecranon process - coronoid process radial notch ulnar tuberosity
63
What are the parts of the distal end of the ulna?
head of ulna ulnar styloid process - posterior surface of ulnar head
64
What re the joints connecting the radius and ulna?
proximal radioulnar joint interosseous membrane distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) pronation and supination is possible because of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints
65
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
radial head articulates with radial notch of the proximal ulna
66
What kind of joint is the interosseous membrane?
fibrous joint amphiarthrosis
67
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
also known as DRUJ ulnar head articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius
68
What are the physical symptom differences in a clenched fist?
Drug tears hurt scapholunate tears do not
69
What are the parts of the proximal end of the humerus?
humeral head anatomical neck greater tuberosity lesser tuberosity inter tubercular (bicipital) groove surgical neck
70
What are the parts of the distal end of the humerus?
trochlea coronoid fossa olecranon fossa medial epicondyle capitulum radial fossa lateral epicondyle
71
What does the radial head articulate with?
radius and the radial notch of the proximal ulna when in acute flexion
72
What is the elbow joint?
it is a hinge joint - capitulum and radial head - trochlea and trochlear notch
73
What are the fat pads of the elbow?
anterior fat pad - tear drop shape posterior fat pad supinator fat pad
74
What does seeing the posterior fat pad in a radiograph mean?
seeing displacement of the anterior fat pad and seeing the posterior fat pad on a lateral image are good indicators of a fracture
75
What are the parts of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle?
clavicle scapula - function is to connect the upper extremity to the trunk
76
what are the parts of the clavicle?
"S" shaped (for strength) coronoid tubercle oblique plane - medial end is inferior and anterior to lateral end
77
What are the calivicular joints?
sternal end articulates with inferior half of manubrium (SC joint) acromial end articulates with the acromion of scapula (AC joints) - inferior part of the clavicle aligns with inferior part of acromion
78
What is the scapulae?
between 2nd and 7th ribs 45 to 60 degrees in relati9on to anatomic position
79
What are the scapulae borders?
superior medial (vertebral) lateral (axillary)
80
what are the angles of the scapula?
superior inferior lateral - thickest part - ends at the glenoid cavity
81
What are the anterior parts of the scapula?
also known the costal surface subscapular fossa - slightly concave coracoid process
82
What are the posterior parts of the scapula?
also known as the dorsal surface spine runs diagonally and ends at the acromion (flattened process) supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions