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Upper extremity Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three parts to the sternum from superior to inferior

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid

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2
Q

which end of the clavicle is round and why

A

the sternal end (the medial side) bc it fits into the manubrium of the sternum

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3
Q

what structure serves as the site of attachment for ligaments on the clavicle and which end of the clavicle is it closest to?

A

conoid tubercle on the posterior surface of the clavicle

closest to the acromial end (flat end)

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4
Q

what are the 3 borders of the scapula

A

medial / vertebral
lateral
superior

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5
Q

what regions does the spine of the scapula divide

A

suspraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

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6
Q

what is a feature on the superior border of the scapula

A

suprascapular notch

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7
Q

as you move laterally, the spine of the scapual becomes the what? what does it attach to ?

A

the acromion process attached to the acromial end of the clavicle

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8
Q

what is the name of the region where the medial and lateral border of the scapula meet

A

inferior angle

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9
Q

what is the name of the region on the ventral surface of the scapula

A

subscapular fossa

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10
Q

what is the region on the scapula that articulates with the humeral head

A

glenoid cavity

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11
Q

what bony processes are on the top and bottom of the glenoid cavity

A

supraglenoid tubercle

infraglenoid tubercle

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12
Q

laterally to the suprascapular notch is a bony process called

A

coracoid

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13
Q

what is the difference between the anatomical neck and surgical neck of the humerus

A

the anatomical neck is where the fused epiphysis is

surgical is the common site of fracture

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14
Q

the intertubercular groove is between what two features on the humerus

A

greater and lesser tubercle

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15
Q

where does the deltoid muscle attach on the humerus

A

deltoid tuberosity

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16
Q

what is the structure on the posterior side of the humerus and what nerve travels along it

A

radial groove and radial nerve

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17
Q

all muscles that have an action on the upper extremity are innervated by nerves from

A

the brachial plexus (ventral rami from C5-T1)

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18
Q

t/f each nerve has fibers from one spinal cord segment

A

false: each nerve can contain fibers from more than 1 spinal cord segment

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19
Q

what three portions do the roots of the brachial plexus (C5-T1) give rise to

A

supraclavicular branch
intraclavicular branch
terminal branches of brachial plexus (5)

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20
Q

what region does the supraclavicular branch innervate

A

dorsal scapular region

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21
Q

what region does the infraclavicular branch innervate

A

pectoral region

ventral scapular region

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22
Q

what region does the axillary nerve innervate

A

deltoid region

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23
Q

what region does the radial nerve innervate

A

posterior arm and posterior forearm

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24
Q

what region does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

anterior arm

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25
what region does the median nerve innervate
anterior forearm and hand
26
what region does the median nerve innervate
anterior forearm and hand
27
from medially to laterally, what was the axillary artery called before it became the axillary
subclavian artery
28
where does the axillary artery start and end
starts lateral to first rib | ends at inferior border of teres major
29
at inferior border of teres major the axillary artery is continuous with what artery
brachial artery
30
from the heart, list the arteries til brachial
ascending aorta --> [brachiocephalic trunk - only if going to the right side of body] --> subclavian artery --> axillary --> brachial artery
31
what does the brachial artery branch into
brachial profunda artery (aka deep artery of arm) above the elbow at the elbow, the brachial divides into radial and ulnar artery
32
the ulnar artery continues into the hand where it is the main supply of
the superficial palmar arch
33
the radial artery continues into the hand where it is the main supply of
deep palmar arch | **think: raDial and Deep
34
upper extremity venous drainage starts at the
hand
35
what drains the superficial and deep venous palmar arches
a dorsal venous network
36
what arises on the medial side of the dorsal venous network? on the lateral side?
lateral - cephalic | medial - basilic
37
what vein serves as the communication bn the basilic and cephalic veins
the median cubital vein in the cubital fossa
38
the basilic and cephalic veins drain into
axillary vein
39
t/f: brachial veins exist
true- deep vessels which course with the brachial artery
40
the axillary vein is formed where? and by the union of what veins?
at the inferior border of the teres major muscle | by brachial vein and basilic vein
41
what are the four joints of the shoulder complex
sternoclavicular acromioclavicular glenohumeral scapulothoracic articulation
42
what are the articular components joint type assc structures movements of the sternoclavicular joint
- sternal end of clavicle and manubirum - saddle synovial joint (move in 2 planes) - fibrocartilage disc - elevate/depress and protract/retraction
43
what are the articular components joint type movements of the acromioclavicular joint
- acromion process and acromial end of clavicle - plane type synovial - gliding bn clavicle and scapula
44
what are the articular components joint type movements of the glenohumeral joint
- humeral head and glenoid fossa - ball and socket type synovial joint - flex/entension + abduction/adduction + internal/external rotation
45
the glenoid fossa is ____ the size of the humeral head
1/3rd
46
t/f both non-contractile and contractile structures enhance Glenohumeral stability
true
47
what structure contribute to GH stability
glenoid labrum
48
what is the glenoid labrum made of? where does it attach?
fibrocartilaginous ring | to margin of glenoid fossa
49
how does the glenoid labrum make the GH joint more stable
deepens the glenoid cavity
50
t/f: the scapulothoracic joint is both an anatomical and physiological joint
F: physiological (movement bn musculoskeletal structures - bn scap and muscles and thoracic wall) but NOT anatomical (movement bn articulating skeletal elements)
51
the motion of the humerus is due to the GH joint and the ____ joint which moves in a consistent pattern known as _____
scapulothoracic joint | scapulohumeral rhythm
52
what are the superficial layers of muscles on the POSTERIOR side? deeper layers?
- traps and lats = superficial | - levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor = deeper
53
what are the attachments of the trapezius muscle
base of skull, spinous processes of C7-T12 | scapula spine, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
54
what actions does the trapezius muscle do
upper: elevates and upwardly otates scapula middle: adducts scapula lower: depresses and upwardly rotates scapula
55
innervation of trapezius muscle
cranial nerve 11
56
what are the attachments of the latissimus dorsi muscle
spinous process T7-T12, iliac crest | intertubercular groove of humerus
57
whats the action of the latissimus dorsi
shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation
58
innervation of lats dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
59
attachments of levator scapulae
transverse processes of C1-C4 | superior medial border of scapula
60
actions of levator scapulae
elevates and downwardly rotates scap
61
innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
62
rhomboid minor attachments
spinous process C7-T1 | medial scap border at root of scapular spine
63
rhomboid major attachments
spinous process T2-T5 | medial scapular border from spine to inferior angle
64
action of rhomboid minor and major
adduct/retract | downwardly rotate scapula
65
innervation of rhomboid major and minor
dorsal scapular nerve
66
what is the site on the back where breath sounds may be heard through a stethoscope most easily
triangle of auscultation
67
boundaries of the triangle of auscultation
latissimus dorsi trapezzius medial border of scapula
68
anterior extrinsic muscles of the shoulder
pec major pec minor serratus anterior subclavius
69
attachments of pec major
- clavicular head (medial half) - sternocostal head (sternum and upper 6 costal cartilage) - both heads (intertubercular groove of humerus)
70
action of pec major
adducts and medially rotates humerus
71
innervation of pex major
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
72
attachments of pec minor
ribs 3-5 | coracoid process of scapula
73
action and innervation of pec minor
stabilizes scapula | medial pectoral nerve
74
attachments of serratus anterior
external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 | anterior surface of medial border of scap
75
action of serratus anterior
holds scap against thoracic wall protracts upwardly rotates scap
76
innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve
77
intrinsic muscles of the shoulder (7)
``` coracobrachialis deltoid teres major teres minor supraspinatus infraspinatur sabscapularis ```
78
attachments action innervation of coracobrachialis
-tip of coracoid process middle third of humerus - flex and adduct shoulder - musculocutaneous nerve
79
attachments action innervation of deltoid
-spine of scap, acrominon, lateral 1/3 clavicle deltoid tuberosity of humerus - anterior: flexion of shoulder - middle: abduction - posterior: extension of shoulder -axillary nerve
80
attachments action innervation of teres major
- inferior lateral aspect of posterior surface of scapula - intertubercular groove of humerus - internal rotation of shoulder - lower subscapular nerve
81
what are the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus infraspinatus terres minor subscapularis
82
what are the rotator cuff muscle attachments action innervation
-scapula and tubercles internal and external rotation and ABDuction supraclavicular and intraclavicular branches of the brachioplexus
83
rotator cuff muscles contribute to the stability of what joint
glenohumeral by compressive forces it provides and maintain the humerus centered in the glenoid fossa
84
what action does the humeroulnar joint do
flexion and extension
85
what joint(s) does supination and pronation
humeroradial joint proximal radioulnar distal radioulnar
86
what ligament encircles the head of radius and hold the head of the radius against the ulna
annular ligament
87
what ligament protects against medial deviation of forearm
lateral collateral ligament (aka radial collateral)
88
what ligament protects against lateral deviation of foreamr
medial collateral ligament (aka ulnar collateral ligamet)
89
which ligament in the elbow gets injured most
medial collateral ligament (ulnar collateral ligament)
90
supination occurs as ____ rotates around the ____
radius rotates around the ulna
91
what is the anterior compartment and posterior compartment of muscles acting on elboow
anterior - biceps brachii - brachialis posterior - triceps brachii - anconeus - brachioradialis
92
what nerve innervates the anterior compt
musculocutaneous nerve
93
what nerve innervates the posterior compt
radial nerve
94
what 3 muscles attach to coracoid
pec minor coracobrachialis short head of biceps
95
attachments of biceps brachii
short head: coracoid process of scap long: supraglenoid tubercle both: radius via bicipital aponeurosis
96
what action does the biceps brachii do
weak shoulder flexion elbow flexion forearm supination
97
what attachments are there to brachialis
distal, anterior humerus | coronoid process of ulna
98
action of brachialis
flexes the forearm
99
attachments of triceps brachii
long: infraglenoid tubercle lateral: posterior superior humerus medial: posterior inferior humerus all: olecranon of ulna
100
action of triceps brachii
extend elbow
101
where does the anconeus muscle attachment
lateral epicondyle of humerus | olecranon of the ulna
102
action of the anconeus
extends the forearm
103
attachments of brachioradialis
lateral portion of distal humerus | lateral, distal radius
104
action of brachioradialis
flex elbow
105
innervation of brachioradialis and why
radial nerve bc picks up innervation from posterior compt
106
whats the attachments for supinator muscle
lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna | proximal radius
107
action of supinator
supinates forearm
108
what attachments of pronator teres
coronoid process and medial epicondyle | lateral surface of radius
109
action of pronator teres
pronates forearm
110
innervation of pronator teres
median nerve
111
what attachments of pronator quadratus
distal anterior ulna | distal anterior radius
112
action of pronator quadratus
pronates forearm
113
innervation for pronator quadratus
median nerve

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