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Musculoskeletal Block Module > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Proximal humerus

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2
Q

What does the clavicle join?

A

Scapula and sternum

Connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

What is the difference between the medial and lateral ends of the clavicle?

A

Medial end is rounded

Lateral end is flattened

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4
Q

Name another way to tell the difference between the medial and lateral clavicles.

A

Medial 2/3 of clavicle is convex forwards

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle is concave forwards

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5
Q

How do we tell the difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the clavicle?

A

Upper surface is smooth

Lower surface is rough

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6
Q

What are the two ends of the clavicle called?

A

Medial - sternal facet

Lateral - acromial facet

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7
Q

Name some other features of the clavicle.

A

Conoid process
Subclavian groove
Costal tuberosity

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8
Q

What is the cavity called where the head of the humerus sits?

A

Glenoid cavity/fossa

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9
Q

What two fossas does the scapular spine make on the posterior surface?

A

Supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

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10
Q

What does the acromion process articulate with?

A

Clavicle

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11
Q

What is the notch called on the scapula (near the corocoid process)?

A

Suprascapular notch

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12
Q

What is the joint called where the sternum attaches to the axial skeleton?

A

Sternomanubrium joint

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13
Q

What is a common place for fracture in the humerus?

A

Surgical neck

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14
Q

Differentiate between the coracoid process, conoid and coronoid.

A

Coracoid process on scapula
Conoid on clavicle
Coronoid process on ulna

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15
Q

Why type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial saddle joint

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16
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint join?

A

Joins the clavicle to the sternum and first costal cartilage

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17
Q

Name the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint.

A

Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament
Interclavicular ligament

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18
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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19
Q

What ligament is associated with the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

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20
Q

What is the coracoclavicular ligament made of?

A

Trapezoid and conoid ligaments

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21
Q

Which ligament is more lateral, trapezoid or conoid?

A

Trapezoid

Conoid appears to twist

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22
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket

Head of humerus and glenoid fossa

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23
Q

Which way is the glenohumeral joint prone to dislocating?

A

Anteriorly

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24
Q

Which way is the hip prone to dislocating?

A

Posteriorly

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25
What stabilizes the shoulder joint?
Rotator cuff muscle attachments Long head of biceps and triceps Ligaments and coracoacromial arch Glenoid labrum (increases size of glenoid fossa with dense CT), deltoid
26
What is the function of the subacromial bursa?
Facilitate the movement of the supraspinatus tendon | Prevents the supraspinatus tendon from rubbing on arch
27
What is the function of the subscapular bursa?
Prevents the subscapular tendon from rubbing against bone
28
Name the muscle attachments between the axial skeleton and scapula.
``` Trapezius Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Levator scapulae Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior ```
29
Name the attachments of the trapezius.
Attached to vertebral spines and external occipital protrusion of skull Attaches to lateral part of clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
30
What is the function of the trapezius?
Upper fibres elevate shoulder girdle Middle fibres retract shoulder girdle Lower fibres depress shoulder girdle
31
What innervates the trapezius?
11th cranial nerve
32
Describe the attachments of the rhomboid minor and major.
Transverse processes of vertebrae to medial border of scapula
33
Which rhomboid is superior?
Rhomboid minor
34
What is the function of the rhomboids?
Retraction of the shoulder girdle
35
What does the serratus anterior do?
Protraction of the shoulder girdle
36
Describe the attachments of the serratus anterior.
Upper 8/9 ribs First 3 bellies attach to superior angle/medial border Rest attach to inferior angle
37
Describe the attachments of the serratus anterior.
Upper 8/9 ribs First 3 bellies attach to superior angle/medial border Rest attach to inferior angle
38
What muscle if paralyzed causes winging of the scapula?
Serratus anterior
39
Where does the pectoralis minor attach?
Tip of the coracoid process | Ribs 3, 4 and 5
40
What is the function of the pectoralis minor?
Protraction and depression of the shoulder girdle
41
Name the muscles between the scapula and humerus
Rotator cuff muscles | Teres major
42
Name the rotator cuff muscles.
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor
43
What is the function of the supraspinatus?
Abductor
44
What are the attachments of the supraspinatous muscle?
Supraspinous fossa | Attaches to greater tuberosity of humerus
45
What other thing must I remember about the supraspinous muscle?
It has a supraspinatous tendon which blends into the ligaments
46
What tendons do I need to remember at the glenohumeral joint?
Tendon of the long head of the biceps | Supraspinatous tendon
47
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Medial rotator
48
Name the attachments of the subscapularis.
Subscapular fossa | Attaches to lesser tuberosity of humerus and medial border of scapulae
49
What is the function of the infraspinatous?
Lateral rotator
50
What are the attachments of the infraspinatous?
Infraspinous fossa | Attaches to greater tuberosity and medial border
51
What is the function of the teres minor?
Lateral rotator
52
What are the attachments of the teres minor?
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
53
What is the function of the teres major?
Adducts and medially rotates the arm
54
What are the attachments of the teres major?
Inferior angle to intertubercular sulcus
55
What are the muscles between the axial skeleton and humerus?
Pectoralis major | Latissimus dorsi
56
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
Adductor of humerus
57
Name the attachments of the latissimus dorsi.
Attached to lower vertebral column, sacrum and iliac crest | Attaches to intertubercular groove
58
Name the three parts of the pectoralis major.
Clavicular head Sternocostal head Abdominal part
59
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus
60
What is the pectoralis major attached to?
Intertubercular groove Clavicle Sternum Ribs
61
What shape is the apex and what is it made up of?
Pyramidal shaped region with 4 walls, an apex and base.
62
Name the parts making up the walls, base and apex of the axilla.
Anterior wall - pec major/minor Posterior wall - scapula/teres major/latissimus dorsi/subscapularis Lateral wall - intertubercular groove of humerus where there are attachments for pec major, latissimus dorsi and teres major) Medial wall - thoracic wall/serratus anterior Apex - entrance from the base of neck to axilla, lies between 1st rib, clavicle and superior edge of subscapularis Base - armpit formed by skin, subcutaneous tissue and axillary fascia extending from arm to thoracic wall
63
Name the muscles between the humerus and scapula.
Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapularis, teres minor) Teres Major
64
What is the function of the supraspinous?
Abductor
65
Where does the supraspinous muscle attach?
Greater tuberosity of humerus
66
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Medial rotator
67
What does the subscapularis attach to?
Medial border of scapula, lesser tuberosity of humerus
68
What is the function of the infraspinous?
Lateral rotator
69
Where does the infraspinous attach?
Greater tuberosity and medial border
70
What is the function of the teres minor?
Lateral rotator
71
What is the function of the teres major?
Adducts and medially rotates the arm | Above the inferior angle to intertubercular sulcus
72
What is the function of the deltoid?
Anterior fibres - flex the arm Middle fibres - abduct the arm Posterior fibres - extend the arm
73
Where is the subclavius found?
Above and medial to pec minor | Passes the first rib, laterally and slightly upwards to inferior surface of clavicle
74
What passes through the axilla?
Blood vessels and nerves which supply the upper limb | Neck --> axilla --> UL
75
Describe the arterial supply of the upper limb.
Brachiocephalic trunk branches to form subclavian artery on right side. Arch of aorta branches to form subclavian artery on left side. Subclavian artery --> axillary artery (from outer border of 1st rib) --> brachial artery from lower border of teres major
76
Describe the veins of the upper limb.
Subclavian vein --> axillary vein --> brachial vein | And superficial veins
77
Name the movements of the anterior compartment of the arm.
Flexion of elbow | Supination
78
Name the innervation and supply of the anterior compartment of the arm.
Musculocutaneous nerve | Brachial artery
79
Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.
Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialsis
80
What is the most powerful supinator?
Biceps brachii
81
What is the most powerful elbow flexor?
Brachialis
82
Where does the long head of the biceps brachii tendon travel?
Travels in the intertubercular groove and attaches above the glenoid fossa
83
Where does the distal part of the biceps brachii attach?
tuberosity of radius
84
Name the attachments of the short head of the biceps brachii.
Joins with coracobrachialis to make tendon joining the tip of the coracoid process
85
Bicipital aponeurosis remember this!!
86
What does the brachialis attach to?
Coronoid process of the ulna
87
Name the innervation and supply of the posterior compartment of the arm.
Radial nerve | Profunda brachii artery
88
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Triceps - lateral head, long head and medial head (deep)
89
What do the triceps attach to and what movements do they perform?
Attach to the olecranon process of the ulna | Extension of the arm/forearm
90
Pronator teres
Median nerve Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulnar to lateral side of radius Ulnar and radial artery Pronation of forearm
91
What is the most lateral structure in the carpal tunnel?
Tendon of flexor carpi radialis
92
Flexor carpi radials
Medial epicondyle to base of 2nd/3rd metacarpals Median nerve Radial artery Wrist flexion and wrist abduction
93
Palmaris Longus
Medial epicondyle to palmar aponeurosis Median nerve Ulnar and median artery
94
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial epicondyle to pisiform Ulnar artery Ulnar nerve
95
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process, oblique ridge on radius Ulnar artery Median nerve
96
Flexor digitorum profundus
``` Deep to flexor digitorum superificialis Attach to phalanges Medial 2 digits = ulnar nerve Rest = Median nerve Ulnar artery ```
96
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Musculoskeletal Block Module (10 decks)

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