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Part 1 Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle attachments clavicle

A

med 1/3 - ant sup - SCM, ant inf - pec major
mid 1/3 - inf - subclavius
last 1/3 - ant - deltoid, post - trap

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2
Q

Surface markings scapula

A

ribs 2-7

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3
Q

Scapula movements

A

elevation - trap
depression - gravity
protraction - serratus anterior
retraction - trap
upward rotation - trap + serratus ant
Downward rotation - lat dorsi

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4
Q

Structure surgical neck humerus

A

axillary nerve and circumflex humeral vessels

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5
Q

Structures shaft humerus

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery in radial/ spiral groove

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6
Q

Pectoral fascia

A

from sternum and clavicle to axillary fascia lat and ant abdominal wall inf
invests pec major

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7
Q

Clavipectoral fascia

A

Deep to pectoral
Invests pec minor and subclavius
costocoracoid membrane between the muscles
suspensory ligament inf

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8
Q

Deltoid fascia

A

from clavicle, acromium and scapular spine
to pectoral fascia and infraspinous

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9
Q

Cephalic vein

A

lateral
deltopectoral groove
clavipectoral triangle
pierces costocoracoid membrane and clavipectoral fascia and enters axillary

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10
Q

Basilic vein

A

medial
pierces deep to brachial fascia 1/3 way up arm
parallel and sup to brachial artery and medial cutaneous nerve

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11
Q

Shoulder myotomes

A

C5 - flexion, lat rotation and abduction
C6-8 - extension, int rotation and adduction

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12
Q

Elbow myotomes

A

C5-6 flexion
C7 (+-6) extension
C6 supination
C7-8 pronation

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13
Q

Wrist myotomes

A

C6/7 flexion and extension

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14
Q

Hand myotomes

A

C7/8 flexion and extension
T1 Finger ab/adduction

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15
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

C567
lateral cord
sensory - lat cut nerve forearm
Motor - BBC, flexion shoulder + elbow + supination

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16
Q

Axillary nerve

A

C56
posterior cord
sensory - sup lat cutaneous of arm
Motor - deltoid (ant terminal branch), teres minor (post terminal branch)

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17
Q

Radial nerve

A

C5-T1
Posterior cord
sens - post cut arm, inf lat cut arm, post cut forearm, superficial/ terminal radial
Motor - extensor compartment forearm + triceps
brachioradialis and extensor carpi longus
Deep terminal branch supplies all other post forearm

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18
Q

Median nerve

A

C6-T1
Medial + lateral cord
sens - palmar cutaneous (not though carpal tunnel), and digital cutaneous
Motor - flexors except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half flexor digitorum profundus
LOAF: thenar muscles (recurrent branch) + lat 2 lumbricals (palmar digital)

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19
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1
Medial cord
Sens - palmar cutaneous, dorsal cutaneous, superficial (arises in hand)
Motor - Intrinsic hand (except lat 2 lumbricals) (deep branch), flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half flexor digitorum profundus (muscular branch)

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20
Q

Pec major

A

clavicular C56 and sternocostal C78T1 heads to lateral lip intertubercular sulcus humerus
Lat+med pectoral nerves
Adduct + med rot humerus
clavic - flex humerus
Sterno - extends from flexed position

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21
Q

Pec minor

A

ribs 3-5 to coracoid process
med pectoral nerve C8/T1
stabilises scapula

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22
Q

Subclavus

A

junction 1st rib and costal cartilage to int surface middle 1/3 clavicle
nerve to subclavis C56 (sup trunk)

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23
Q

Serratus anterior

A

ribs 1-8 to ant border med scapula
Long thoracic
Protracts and rots scapula

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24
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

XI + C3/4 for proprioception +pain

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25
Lat dorsi
From: spin process T6-12, thoracolumbar fascia, inf 3-4 ribs, iliac crest To: floor intertubercular sulcus humerus Thoracodorsal nerve C678 post cord extends, adducts and int rotates humerus
26
Levator scapulae (deep)
Post tubercles C1-4 to med border scapula sup to root spine dorsal scapular C45 +cervical nerves C34
27
Rhomboids
minor - nuchal lig + spinois C7-T1 to med scap spine major - T2-5 to medial scap inf to spine Dorsal scpular nerve C45 (roots) retracts scapula
28
Deltoid
from lat 1/3 clavicle, acromium and spine scapula to deltoid tuberosity humerus Axillary c5/6 clav - flex + med rotate Acrom - abduct scap - ext and lat rotate
29
Teres major
post surface inf angle scapula to medial lip intertubercular sulcus lower subscapular nerve (post cord) C56 Med rot and adducts
30
Axillary artery branches
1st (1st rib to sup pec minor) - sup thoracic 2nd (post pec minor) - thoracoacromial + lateral thoracic 3rd (inf pec to inf teres major) - subscapular, post and ant circumflex humeral
31
Axillary vein
formed by basilic and brachial at inf border teres major Names like arteries excepr thoracoacromial sometimes goes cephalic receives thoracoepigastric + cephalic Ant med / inf to axillary artery
32
Axillary lymph nodes
pectoral (ant), subscapular (post) and humeral (lat) drain to central, then apical, then supraclavicular and subclavian trunk
33
Pectoral lymph node
Ant axillary Medial wall axilla along lat thoracic artery and vein Inf border pec minor receives from breast and anterior thoracic wall
34
Subscapular lymph nodes
posterior axillary by subscapular blood vessels receives post thoracic wall and scapula
35
Humeral lymph nodes
lateral axillary Medial and posterior to axillary vein Drains most upper limb Except cephalic - apical axillary and infraclavic
36
Central axillary lymph nodes
deep to pec minor by 2nd part axillary artery
37
Apical axillary lymph nodes
1st part axillary artery, medical to axillary vein
38
Shoulder girdle
Bones: clavicle and scapula Articulations: sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular Movement: rhomboids - elevation and downward rotation Serratus anterior - depression and upward rotation, protraction
39
Biceps brachii
short head - coracoid Long head - supraglenoid tubercle Tendon of long head through bicipital groove To: tuberosity radius and fascia forearm (bicipital aponeurosis)
40
Brachialis
from dist ant humerus to coronoid + tuberosity of ulna
41
Triceps
long - infraglenoid lat (strongest) - post humerus med - post humerus To - prox olecranon + fascia forearm
42
Aconeus
lat humeral epicondyle to lat olecranon helps extension and stabilises elbow
43
Corachobrachialis
to mid 1/3 med humerus pierced by musculocutaneous median nerve and brachial artery run deep
44
Branches brachial artery
Profunda brachii Nutrient Sup ulnar collateral Inf ulnar collateral Brachial goes with median nerve, which crosses it and becomes medial by ACF
45
Cubital fossa
Med - pronator teres Lat - brachioradialis Floor - brachialis and supinator Contents - brachial artery -> ulnar + radial + veins Biceps tendon Radial nerve Median nerve med NVA (biceps tendon) N lat
46
Superficial flexors forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris (innervated ulnar) Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres attached to medial epicondyle by common flexor tendon
47
Intermediate and deep flexor compartment
Int - flexor digitorum superficialis Deep (all ant IO) - flexor digitorum profundus (+ ulnar), flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
48
Palmaris longus tendon relations
deep and medial to median nerve at wrist
49
Flexor carpi ulnaris relations
ulnar nerve between two proximal heads ulnar nerve and artery lateral to tendon at wrist
50
Flexor carpi radialis relations
radial artery and nerve lateral at wrist
51
Extensor tendon lateral epicondyle
extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi arterial supply ulnar / rad based on name
52
Superior extensor compartment forearm
Brachioradialis - rad ECR longus - rad ECR brevis - deep Extensor digitorum - deep Extensor digiti minimi - deep Extensor carpi ulnaris - deep
53
Deep extensors of forearm
Supinator (deep) Abductor pollicis longus (post IO) Extensor pollicis longus (post IO) Extensor pollicis brevis (post IO) Extensor indicis (post IO) (thumb sandwich)
54
Anatomical snuffbox
Ulnar side - extensor pollicis longus Radial side - extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus Radial artery, radial nerve, cephalic vein Floor - scaphoid and trapezium prox - rad styloid dist - 1st metacarp
55
Ulnar artery depth forearm
Deep to superficial and intermediate flexors Superficial to flexor retinaculum
56
Ulnar recurrent artery
Supplies brachialis and pronator teres Anastomoses inf ulnar collateral
57
Common interosseous artery
branch of ulnar
58
Post IO artery
from ulnar supplies superfical and deep extensor muscles
59
Ant IO artery
from ulnar Joins dorsal carpal arch
60
Radial artery
deep to brachioradialis Lateral to tendon FCR Through anatomical snuff box and pierces 1st dorsal interosseous
61
Radial recurrent artery
supplies elbow joint Goes between brachialis and brachioradialis which it supplies anastomoses radial collateral artery from profunda brachii
62
Quadrangular space
humerus, teres minor and major, long head triceps axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
63
Triangular space
sup teres minor, lat long triceps, inf teres major circumflex scapular art and vein
64
Triangular interval
sup teres major, lat lat head triceps, med long head triceps Radial nerve and profunda brachii art and vein
65
Structures passing clavipectoral fascia
CALL: Cephalic vein A -thoracoAcrominal artery Lymphatics Lateral pectoral nerve.
66
Contents hypothenar compartment
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis oponens digiti minimi
67
Contents thenar compartment
Openens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis
68
Contents central compartment hand
lumbricals superficial palmar arch digital vessels and nerves
69
Contents adductor compartment hand
Adductor pollicis
70
Innervation intrinsic thenar muscles
Recurrent medial Opponens, abductor brevis, sup FPB Deep ulna deep FPB Adductor policis
71
Lumbricals
prox - 1+2 unipenate from lat 2 tendons FDP 3+4 (med) bipenate from FDP 3 med tendons Dist - lat extensor expansion middle phalynx Flex MCP, extend IPJ
72
Doral interrossei
bipenate prox - adjacent 2 metacarpals dist - base prox phalynx extensor expansion
73
Palmar interrosei
Unipenate prox palmar 2,4,5 metacarpals dist - prox phalynx extensor expansion 2,4,5
74
Contents carpal tunnel
4x FDP 4x FDL 1x FPL (own tendon sheath, others share) Median nerve
75
Median hand branches
recurrent MOTOR - thenar muscles lat MIXED - 1st lumb Med MIXED - 2nd lumb Palm cut SENS - not through CT
76
Ulnar hand branches
palmar cut - SENS Dorsal branch - SENS Superficial MIXED - finegr tips + palmaris brevis Deep MOTOR - hypothenar and most intrinsic
77
Hypothenar muscles
Opponens digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Innervated deep ulnar
78
Superficial and deep palmar arch
Sup from ulnar - deep to palmar aponeurosis, sup to flexors Deep from rad - deep to long flexors, in contact metacarpals
79
Guyons/ ulnar canal
med - pisiform, FCU tendon, abd digiti minimi lat - hook of hamate roof - palmar carpal lif floor - flexor retinaculum, pisohamate lig, hypothenar muscles contents - ulnar nerve, ulnar art and veins, lymph
80
Extensor expansion insertions
central slip - base midle phalynx lateral bands - base distal phalynx
81
SCJ
saddle blood - int thoracic, suprascap Nerve - supraclavic, subclavian
82
ACJ
Plane blood - suprascap, thoracoacromial nerve - lat pectoral, axillary
83
Apertures glenohumeral joint
between tubercles between joint and subtendinous bursa subscapularis
84
Ligaments glenohumeral
glenohumeral: sup, med, inf (inf stab) coracohumeral - sup stab coracoacromial - sup stab transverse humeral
85
Glenohumeral joint
Ball and socket blood - A+P circumflex, suprascapular Nerve - axillary, suprascapular, latera pectoral
86
Elbow joint
Hinge joint blood - radial + ulna + collaterals Nerve - MSC, radial, ulnar
87
Elbow ligaments
Colaterals radial - lat epicondyle to annular lig med x3 - med epi to olecranon and coronoid process ant band strongest post band fan like weakest obliquie band - deepens socket for trochlea Annular
88
Proximal radioulnar joint
pivot blood - radial periarticular anastamoses nerve - MSC, median, radial
89
Distal radioulnar joint
pivot blood + nerve - A+P IO ulna + radius + articular disc A+P ligaments
90
Wrist joint
condyloid blood - dorsal and palmar arches nerve - A+P IO and deep and dorsal ulnar Scaphoid, lunate and triquetrial
91
Intercarpal joints
plane midcarpal and pisotriquetral same blood + innervation wrist
92
Carpometacarpal
plane except thumb - condyoid movement good thumb, minimal 2+3, more 4+5
93
MCPJ IPJ joint types
MCPJ condyloid IPJ hinge
94
Thenar musculature
opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, and abductor pollicis brevis (LOAF muscles - median)
95
forearm muscles supplied by radial nerve proper
brachioradialis ECRL
96
Pronation and supination
pronation C78 Supination C6
97
Anterior axillary lymph node location
Inferior to pec minor
98
Posterior axillary lymph node location
by subscapular vessels
99
Lateral axillary lymph node location
axillary artery
100
Bone attaching extensor and flexor retinaclum
pisiform
101
Deepest structure mid forearm
FPL
102
Attachments extensor retinaculum
radius to triquetrium and pisiform
103
Main stabiliser SCJ
costoclavicular ligament
104
ossification centres scapula
7
105
Main function median thumb
flexion
106
Innervation sternoclavicular joint
C3/4
107
Innervation ACJ
lateral pectoral, axillary and supra clavicular
108
Largest branch brachial artery
Profunda brachii
109
Strongest muscle forearm
FDP
110
Part of triceps affected in mid shaft radius fracture
Medial
111
Ligament for anterior stability shoulder joint
Glenohumeral
112
Ligaments for superior stability glenohumeral joint
Coracohumeral and coracoacromial
113
Structures piercing medial intermuscular septum
Ulna nerve Superior ulnar collateral artery
114
Fulcrum of movement at costo clavicular joint
Costoclavicular ligament
115
Unipennate muscles forearm
Extensor digitorum Flexor pollicis longus
116
Blood supply pec major
Pectoral branch thoracoacromial artery
117
Deepest muscular plane palm
Adductor compartment
118
Axillary sheath extension of
Cervical fascia
119
Nerve supply to skin axilla
Intercostobrachial nerve T2 second intercostal nerve
120
OK sign muscles and innervation
FPL FDP anterior IO
121
Radioulnar joint types
Pivot joints (Like atlantoaxial)

Part 1 Anatomy (9 decks)

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