Upper Limb Flashcards
(201 cards)
1
Q
Pectoralis Major attachments
A
clavicle, sturnum, first 6 costal cartilages –> intertubercular sulcus of humerus
2
Q
Pect Major innervation
A
Lateral (C5, C6, C7) and medial (C8, T1) pectoral nerve
3
Q
Pect Major actions
A
adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
4
Q
Pectoralis minor attachments
A
3rd-5th costal cartilages to coracoid process of scapula
5
Q
Pect. Minor innervation
A
medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)
6
Q
Pect. Minor action
A
stabilizes scapula drawing it against thoracic wall
7
Q
Subclavius attachments
A
1st rib and costal cart to inferior surface clavicle
8
Q
Subclavius innervation
A
subclavian nerve (C5, C6)
9
Q
Subclavius actions
A
anchors and depresses clavicle
10
Q
Serratus anterior attachments
A
lateral 1st-8th ribs to anterior surface of scapula
11
Q
Serratus anterior innervation
A
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
12
Q
Serratus anterior actions
A
Holds scapula against thoracic wall. Rotates scapula.
13
Q
Four rotator cuff muscles
A
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
14
Q
Deltoid attachments
A
clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula to deltoid tuberosity of humerus
15
Q
Deltoid innervation
A
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
16
Q
Deltoid actions
A
Flexes, extends, abducts, medially and laterally rotates shoulder joint
17
Q
Supraspinatus attachments
A
supraspinous fossa of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
18
Q
Supraspinatus actions
A
initiates and assists deltoid in abduction (first 15 degrees)
19
Q
Supraspinatus Innervation
A
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
20
Q
Infraspinatus attachments
A
infraspinous fossa of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
21
Q
Infraspinatus actions
A
Laterally rotate shoulder joint
22
Q
Infraspinatus innervation
A
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
23
Q
Teres Minor attachments
A
lateral border scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
24
Q
Teres Minor actions
A
laterally rotate shoulder joint
25
Teres Minor Innervation
Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)
26
Teres Major attachments
Lateral border and inferior angle of scapula to medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
27
Teres Major actions
adducts and medially rotates shoulder
28
Teres Major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
29
Subscapularis attachments
subscapular fossa to lesser tubercle of humerus
30
Subscapularis actions
adducts and medially rotates shoulder
31
Subscapularis innervation
Upper and Lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
32
Biceps Brachii attachments
Short head: coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
to tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm
33
Biceps Brachii actions
Most Powerful Supinator Forearm, (drive screw into hard wood) flex elbow when arm supinated, flexes shoulder
34
Biceps Brachii innervation
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6)
35
Brachialis attachments
anterior surface humerus to coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
36
Brachialis actions
Flexes elbow joint in all positions; Chief Flexor
37
Brachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
38
Coracobrachialis attachments
coracoid process, medial surface humerus
39
Coracobrachialis actions
helps flex and adduct shoulder, stabilizes glenohumeral joint
40
Coracobrachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
41
Triceps brachii attachments
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral: posterior surface humerus, sup to radial groove
Medial: post surface humerus inferior to radial groove
to olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
42
Triceps brachii innervation
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
43
Triceps brachii actions
CHIEF EXTENSOR
44
Aconeus attachments
lateral epicondyle humerus to olecranon and superior posterior surface ulna
45
Aconeus actions
assists in extending elbow
46
Aconeus innervation
Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
47
Superior thoracic artery origin
First part of axillary artery
48
Superior thoracic artery course
passes b/t pect major and minor; supplies 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and superior part of serratus anterior
49
Thoraco-acromial artery origin
Second part Axillary artery
50
Thoraco-acromial artery course
Pierces costocoracoid membrane. Divides into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial and clavicular
51
Thoraco-acromial branches
Acromial, Clavicular, Pectoral, Deltoid (Akron City Police Department)
52
Lateral Thoracic Artery origin
second part axillary artery
53
Lateral Thoracic Artery course
descends axillary border of pect minor, follows into thoracic wall supplying lateral aspect of breast
54
Anterior circumflex humeral artery origin
third part axillary artery
55
Posterior circumflex humeral artery origin
third part axillary artery
56
Circumflex humeral artery (anterior and posterior) course
Encircle surgical neck of humerus, anastomosing; large posterior branch goes to quandrangular space
57
Subscapular artery origin
third part of axillary artery
58
Subscapular artery course
descends from inferior border subscapularis, along lateral border of scapula dividing into circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries
59
Subscapular artery branches
Circumflex scapular artery
| Thoracodorsal artery
60
Circumflex scapular artery origin
Subscapular artery
61
Circumflex scapular artery course
curves around lateral border of scapula to enter infraspinous fossa. anastomosing with suprascapular artery
62
Thoracodorsal artery origin
Subscapular artery
63
Thoracodorsal artery course
Continues subscap course; descending with thoracodorsal nerve to enter apex of latissimus dorsi
64
Profunda brachii artery origin
brachial artery near middle of arm
65
Profunda brachii artery course
accompanies radial nerve along radial groove of humerus; supplies posterior compartment of arm and anastomoses around elbow
66
Superior ulnar collateral artery origin
Brachial artery near middle of arm
67
Superior ulnar collateral artery course
accompanies ulnar nerve to posterior aspect of elbow; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent artery
68
Inferior ulnar collateral artery origin
brachial artery superior to medial epicondyle of humerus
69
Inferior ulnar collateral artery course
passes anterior to medial epicondyle of humerus to anastomose with anterior ulnar recurrent artery
70
Dorsal scapular nerve origin
C5 and frequently C4
71
Dorsal scapular nerve innervates
Rhomboids, occasionally levator scapulae
72
Long thoracic nerve origin
C5, C6, C7
73
Long thoracic nerve innervates
Serratus anterior
74
Suprascapular nerve origin
C5, C6
75
Suprascapular nerve innervates
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles; glenohumeral joint
76
Subclavian nerve origin
C5, C6
77
Subclavian nerve innervates
Subclavius and sternoclavicular joint
78
Lateral pectoral nerve origin
lateral cord; C5, C6, C7
79
Lateral pectoral nerve innervates
Pectoralis major
80
Musculocutaneous nerve origin
Lateral cord; C5-C7
81
Musculocutaneous nerve innervates
Arm's anterior compartment muscles: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis, and skin of lateral aspect of forearm
82
Median nerve origin
Lateral root from lateral cord (C6, C7) and medial root of medial cord (C8, T1)
83
Median nerve innervates
muscles of anterior forearm compartment, intrinsic muscles in thenar half of palm and palmar skin
84
Medial pectoral nerve origin
Medial cord, C8, T1
85
Medial pectoral nerve innervates
Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major
86
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm origin
medial cord; C8, T1
87
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm innervates
skin of medial side of arm to medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna
88
Median cutaneous nerve of forearm origin
Medial cord, C8, T1
89
Median cutaneous nerve of forearm innervates
skin of medial side of forearm, as far distal as wrist
90
Ulnar nerve origin
medial cord; (often C7), C8, T1
91
Ulnar nerve innervates
flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus; most intrinsic muscles of hand; skin of hand medial to axial line
92
Upper subscapular nerve origin
posterior cord; C5
93
Upper subscapular nerve innervates
superior portion of subscapularis
94
Lower subscapular nerve origin
Posterior cord; C6
95
Lower subscapular nerve innervates
inferior portion of subscapularis and teres major
96
Thoracodorsal nerve origin
posterior cord; C6, C7, C8
97
Thoracodorsal nerve innervates
Latissimus dorsi
98
Axillary nerve origin
Posterior cord; C5, C6
99
Axillary nerve innervates
Genohumeral joint, teres minor, deltoid, skin of superolateral arm (over inferior part of deltoid)
100
Radial nerve origin
posterior cord; C5-T1 (largest branch of plexus
101
Radial nerve innervates
All muscles of posterior compartments of arm and forearm; skin of posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of hand lateral to axial line of digit 4
102
C3 & C4 Dermatome
Base of neck extending laterally over shoulder
103
C5 Dermatome
Superior aspect of abducted limb
104
C6 Dermatome
Forearm laterally and thumb
105
C7 Dermatome
Middle and ring finger & middle of posterior surface of limb
106
C8 Dermatome
little finger, medial side of hand and forearm (inferior aspect of abducted limb
107
T1 Dermatome
middle of the forearm to the axilla
108
T2 Dermatome
small part of the arm and skin of axilla
109
Radial Nerve Test
Motor: strength of elbow, wrist & finger extension against resistance (while arm abducted)
Sensory: dorsal webbing between MC 1&2
110
Radial Nerve Compression Etiology
"Saturday Night Palsy"/ "Crutch Palsy"
| prolonged axillary compression
111
Bones of Hand
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
112
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C8) branch of the radial nerve; supplies skin on posterior surface of arm
113
Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
(C5-C8) branch of radial nerve; supplies skin on posterior surface of forearm
114
Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5, C6) terminal branch of axillary nerve; supplies skin over lower part of deltoid and lateral side of midarm
115
Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
(C5, C6) branch of radial nerve; supplies skin over the inferolateral aspect of arm. Frequently a branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
116
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C6, C7) terminal branch of musculocutaneous nerve; supplies skin on the lateral side of forearm
117
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C8-T2) arises from the medial cord, often uniting with lateral cutaneous branch of 2nd intercostal nerve. Supplies skin on the medial side of the arm
118
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C8, T1) arises from the medial cord of brachial plexus and supplies the skin on the anterior and medial surfaces of the forearm
119
Supraclavicular nerves
supplyh the skin over the clavicle and superolateral aspect of the pec major
120
Brachial artery course
begins at inferior border of teres major, ends in cubital fossa opposite the neck of hte radius under cover of the bicipital aponeurosis. Divides into radial and ulnar arteries
121
Cubital Fossa boundaries
Superior: between medial and lateral epicondyles
Medial: Pronator Teres
Lateral: brachioradialis
Floor: brachialis and supinator muscles
Roof: brachial and antebrachial (deep) fascia, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis
122
Cubital Fossa Contents
terminal part of brachial artery/ radial and ulnar artery branches
Deep accompanying veins of the arteries
Biceps brachii tendon
Median nerve
Radial nerve, dividing into superficial and deep branches
123
Flexor-Pronator muscles of the forearm
```
Superficial:
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Intermediate:
Flexor digitorun superficialis (FDS)
Deep:
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Flexor pollicis Longus (FPL)
Pronator quadratus
```
124
Common flexor tendon
Attaches superficial and intermediate layer of flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm to the medial epicondyle of the humerus (the common flexor origin)
125
Pronator teres attachments
Prox: coronoid process of ulna, medial epicondyle of humerous
Dist: middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
126
Pronator teres innervation
Median nerve (C6, C7)
127
Pronator teres action
Pronates and flexes forearm
128
Flexor carpi radialis attachments
Prox: medial epicondyle of humerus
Dist: base of 2nd/3rd metacarpal
129
Flexor carpi radialis innervation
Median nerve (C6, C7)
130
Flexor carpi radialis actions
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
131
Palmaris longus attachments
Prox: medial epicondyle of humerus
Dist: distal 1/2 of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
132
Palmaris longus innervation
Median nerve (C7, C8)
133
Palmaris longus action
Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
134
Flexor carpi ulnaris attachments
Prox: olecranon and post. border of ulna
Dist: Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
135
Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
136
Flexor carpi ulnaris action
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist
137
Flexor digitorum superficialis attachments
Prox: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna, oblique line of radius
Dist: bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits
138
Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
Median nerve (C7-T1)
139
Flexor digitorum superficialis action
flexes wrist joint. Flexes interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints
140
Flexor digitorum profundus attachments
Prox: medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Dist: bases of distal phalanges 2nd-5th digits
141
Flexor digitorum profundus innervation
Median (C8, T1) and Ulnar (C8, T1) Nerve
142
Flexor digitorum profundus action
Flexes wrist joint. Flexes distal interphalangeal joints
143
Flexor pollicis longus attachments
Prox: anterior surface radius, interosseous membrane
Dist: base of distal phalanx of thumb
144
Flexor pollicis longus innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
145
Flexor pollicis longus action
flexes wrist. flexes metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb
146
Pronator quadratus attachments
Prox: anterior surface ulna
Dist: anterior surface radius
147
Pronator quadratus innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
148
Pronator quadratus actions
pronates forearm
149
Brachioradialis attachments
Prox: lateral supraepicondylar ridge humerus
Dist: Radius near styloid process
150
Brachioradialis innervation
Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
151
Brachioradialis action
flexion of elbow when arm pronated
152
Extensor carpi radialis longus attachment
Prox: lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Dist: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal
153
Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
Radial nerve (C6, C7)
154
Extensor carpi radialis longus action
Extend and abduct wrist
155
Extensor carpi radialis brevis attachment
Prox: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Dist: Dorsal base 3rd metacarpal
156
Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
157
Extensor carpi radialis brevis action
extend and abduct wrist joint
158
Extensor digitorum attachments
Prox: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Dist: extensor expansions of middle 4 fingers
159
Extensor digitorum innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
| [continuation of deep branch of radial nerve]
160
Extensor digitorum actions
extend wrist joint, medial four fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints
161
Extensor digiti minimi attachments
Prox: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Dist: extensor expansion of 5th digit
162
Extensor digiti minimi innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
163
Extensor digiti minimi action
Extends wrist joint, 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
164
Extensor carpi ulnaris attachments
Prox: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna
Dist: doprsal base of 5th metacarpal
165
Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
166
Extensor carpi ulnaris action
Extends and adducts wrist joint; also active during clenching
167
Supinator attachments
Prox: lateral epicondyle of humerus,
Dist: lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of radius
168
Supinator innervation
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
169
Supinator action
Supinates forearm; rotates radius
170
Abductor pollicis longus attachments
Prox: posterior surface of ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
Dist: base of 1st metacarpal
171
Abductor pollicis longus innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
172
Abductor pollicis longus action
Extends wrist, abducts and extends thumb
173
Extensor pollicis longus attachments
Prox: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Dist: dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb
174
Extensor pollicis longus innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
175
Extensor pollicis longus action
extends wrist joint, extends distal phalanx of thumb
176
Extensor pollicis brevis attachments
Prox: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Dist: dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb
177
Extensor pollicis brevis innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
178
Extensor pollicis brevis action
Extends wrist joint, extends proximal phalanx of thumb
179
Extensor indicis attachment
Prox: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Dist: extensor expansion of 2nd finger
180
Extensor indicis innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
181
Extensor indicis actions
Extends wrist joint, extends 2nd finger (enabling its independent extension)
182
Opponens pollicis attachments
Prox: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Dist: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
183
Opponens pollicis innervation
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
184
Opponens pollicis action
oppose thumb by drawing 1st metacarpal to center of palm and rotating it medially
185
Abductor pollicis brevis attachments
Prox: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Dist: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
186
Abductor pollicis brevis innervation
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
187
Abductor pollicis brevis action
abducts thumb, helps oppose it
188
Flexor pollicis brevis attachments
Prox: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Dist: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
189
Flexor pollicis brevis innervation
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
190
Flexor pollicis brevis action
Flexes thumb
191
Adductor pollicis attachments (Transverse and Oblique heads)
Prox: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, ant surface of shaft 3rd metacarp
Dist: medial base of proximal phalanx of thumb
192
Adductor pollicis innervation
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
193
Adductor pollicis actions
Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
194
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: Pisiform
I: Base of Prox phalanx of 5th digit
N: Deep Branch Ulnar N (C8-T1)
A: Ulnar a.
Abducts 5th digit
195
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: Flexor retinaculum & hook of hamate
I: base of prox phalanx 5th digit
N: Deep branch ulnar N (C8-T1)
A: ulnar a.
Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger
196
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: Flexor retinaculum & hook of hamate
I: Medial side 5th metacarpal
N: Deep branch ulnar N (C8-T1)
A: ulnar a.
Opposes little finger
197
Lumbricals (1/2)
O: Lateral tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
I: extensor expansion radial side of proximal phalanx digits 2-3
N: Median N (C8-T1)
A: Superficial palmar arch
Flex MP joints, extend the proximal and distal IP joints of digits 2-3
198
Lumbricals (3/4)
O: Medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
I: Extensor expansion radial side of proximal phalanx digits 4-5
N: Deep Ulnar (C8-T1)
A: Superficial palmar arch
Flex MP joints, extend the proximal and distal IP joints digits 4-5
199
Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
```
4 Bipennate muscles
O: Adjacent sides of metacarpal bones
I: Lateral sides bases of proximal phalanges, Extensor expansion
N: Deep branch of Ulnar N (C8-T1)
A: Dorsal and palmar metacarpal a
```
Abducts finger, flex MP joints, extend IP joints
DAB!
200
Palmar Interosseous Muscles
3 Unipennate muscles
O: Medial side 2nd metacarpal, lateral sides 4th and 5th metacarpals
I: bases of proximal phalanges on same side as origin, extensor expansions
N: Deep branch ulnar n.
A: Palmar metacarpal a.
Adducts fingers, flex MP joints, extend IP joints
PAD
201
Palmaris Brevis
O: medial side of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
I: skin of medial side of palm
N: superficial branch ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: ulnar a.
Wrinkles skin on medial side of palm
