Upper limb pathologies Flashcards
Transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or par that may not be directly connected. All malignant tumors have the ability to metastasize, or transfer malignant cells from one body part to another, through the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels or by direct extension
Bone metastases
what are the most common of malignant bone tumors
metastases
inflammation of the bursae or fluid filled sacs that enclose the joints generally involves the formation of calcification in associated tendons which causes pain and limited joint movement
Bursitis
common painful disorder of the wrist and hand that results from compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist most commonly found in middle aged women
carpal tunnel syndrome
break in the structure of bone caused by a force
fracture
fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint
Barton’s fx
Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal born, extending into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement
Bennett’s fx
Transverse fx. that extends through the metacarpal neck; most commonly seen in the fifth metacarpal
Boxer’s fx.
Transverse fx. of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly; an associated ulnar styloid fx. seen in 50-60% in cases
Colles fx.
reverse of Colles’ fx. or transverse fx. of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly
Smith’s fx.
Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity. It is a sign of an underlying condition such as fx. dislocation, soft tissue damage or inflammation
Joint effusion
A noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation. This is the most common type of arthritis and is considered a normal part of the aging process.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is also known as
Degenerative joint disease
This is the most common of the primary cancerous bone tumors and generally affects persons between the ages of 40-70
Multiple myeloma
what has a typical radiographic appearance includes multiple “punched out” osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the affected bones
Multiple myeloma
The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor, this generally affects persons aged 10-20 years but can occur at any age. It may develop in older persons with Paget’s disease
Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)
A common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. It arises from bone marrow.
Ewing’s sarcoma
what has an “onion peel” appearance on radiographs
Ewing’s sarcoma
A slow growing malignant tumor of the cartilage. Appearance is similar to that of other malignant tumors but dense calcifications are often seen w/in the cartilaginous mass
Chondrosarcoma
slow growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of the hands and feet of adolescents and young adults.
Enchondroma
What appears well defined, radiolucent appearing tumors with a thin cortex that often lead to pathologic fx. w/ only minimal trauma.
Enchondroma
The most common type of benign bone tumor, usually occurring in persons aged 10-20 years. They arise from the outer cortex with the tumor growing parallel to the bone, pointing away from the adjacent joint.
Osteochondroma
Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery. However, it is more commonly the result of an infection from a contiguous source, such as a diabetic foot ulcer.
Osteomyelitis
Hereditary disease marked by abnormally dense bone. It commonly occurs as a result of fracture of affected bone and may lead to obliteration of the marrow space.
Osteopetrosis
