Upper Limb pre-practical lecture

Question 1

What are the main sections of the brachial plexus?

Answer 1

Roots
Trunks
Anterior (division)
Posterior (division)
Cords
Terminal branches

Question 2

What are the main branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 2

Axillary nerve (C5, 6)
Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)
Thoracodorsal (C6, 7, 8)
Subscapular (C5, 6)

Question 3

What are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve?

Answer 3

C5, 6

Question 4

What are the nerve roots of the Long thoracic nerve?

Answer 4

C5, 6, 7

Question 5

What are the nerve roots of the Thoracodorsal nerve?

Answer 5

C6, 7, 8

Question 6

What are the nerve roots of the subscapular nerve?

Answer 6

C5, 6

Question 7

What are the main causes of brachial plexus injuries?

Answer 7

Pulling arm superiorly
Pulling arm during childbirth
Falling on head/neck

Question 8

What are the joints of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 8

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
Sternoclavicular (SC)
Glenohumoural (GH)

Question 9

What type of joint is the Acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

Answer 9

Synovial plane

Question 10

What type of joint is the Sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

Answer 10

Synovial saddle

Question 11

What type of joint is the Glenohumoural (GH) joint?

Answer 11

Synovial ball and socket

Question 12

What are the movements of the scapula?

Answer 12

Elevation
Depression
Adduction (retraction)
Abduction (protraction)
Upward rotation
Downward rotation

Question 13

What are the muscles of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 13

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior

Question 14

What muscles elevate the scapula?

Answer 14

Descending (superior) trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

Question 15

What muscles depress the scapula?

Answer 15

Ascending (inferior) trapezius
Inferior serratus anterior
Pec major

Question 16

What muscles protract the scapula?

Answer 16

Serratus anterior

Pec minor

Question 17

What muscles retract the scapula?

Answer 17

Middle trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi

Question 18

What muscles externally rotate the scapula?

Answer 18

Descending (superior) trapezius

Inferior serratus anterior

Question 19

What muscles internally rotate the scapula?

Answer 19

Latissimus dorsi

Rhomboids

Question 20

What structure forms the glenoid cavity?

Answer 20

Glenoid (surface)

Labrum

Question 21

What are the main bursae of the shoulder?

Answer 21

Subscapular bursa
Subacromial bursa
Subcoracoid bursa

Question 22

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 22

Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis

Question 23

What is the scapulo-humeral rhythm?

Answer 23

When arm is abducted 180 degrees - 60 is by the scapula and 120 is the humerus

Question 24

What are the muscles of the anterior arm?

Answer 24

Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 25

What is the function of biceps brachii?

Answer 25

Flex shoulder and elbow | Supinate forearm

Question 26

What is the function of brachialis?

Answer 26

Flex elbow

Question 27

What is the function of coracobrachialis?

Answer 27

Flex and adduct shoulder joint

Question 28

What is the innervation of the anterior arm?

Answer 28

Musculocutaneous nerve | C5, 6, 7

Question 29

What is the innervation of triceps?

Answer 29

Axillary nerve | Radial nerve