Upper Respiratory system

Question 1

Respiratory system function (5)

Answer 1

provide O2
Remove CO2
Blood pH
Sound/Speech
Olfaction

Question 2

Nose and Nasal cavity function (4)

Answer 2

1. Houses special sense of smell
2. Filter, warms and moistens inhaled air
3. Mucus traps bacteria and particulates
4. Servies as a resonance chamber for speech

Question 3

Skeleton of the nose

Answer 3

Palatine
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Vomer
Chonae

Question 4

bones forming hard plate

Answer 4

Palatine

Maxilla

Question 5

bones forming nasal septum

Answer 5

Ethmoid

Vomer

Question 6

Kiessalbach’s area

Answer 6

anastomosis of several blood vessels on nasal septum

Question 7

Epistaxis

Answer 7

Nosebleeds

Question 8

Conchae

Answer 8

aka turbinates (superior, middle, inferior)
force air through small holes and increases surfaces area of which air contacts epithelium

Question 9

superior nasal cavity lined by

Answer 9

olfactory epithelium

Question 10

Rest of nasal cavity covered by

Answer 10

respiratory epithelium

Question 11

Nasal cavity connects with (4)

Answer 11

Paranasal sinuses
Oral cavity
Eyes
Ears

Question 12

Paranasal sinus function

Answer 12

help humidify air
increase surface area of respiratory mucosa
make skull lighter

Question 13

Parasnasal sinuses

Answer 13

small air sacs in frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones

Question 14

Rhinitis/Sinusitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the nasal cavity (rhinitis) and paranasal sinuses (sinusitis)
sinusitis causes headaches

Question 15

Most commonly infected sinus

Answer 15

Maxillary Sinus

Only sinus up against gravity

Question 16

Pharynx (throat) three segments

Answer 16

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 17

Nasopharynx border

Answer 17

superior border: sphenoid

inferior border: soft palate

Question 18

Oropharynx border

Answer 18

superior border: soft palate

inferior border: epiglottis/base of tongue

Question 19

Laryngopharynx border

Answer 19

superior border: epiglottis

inferior border: inferior end of cricoid cartilage

Question 20

Larynx function 3*

Answer 20

keeps food out of respiratory tract
functions as respiratory pathway
serves as the voicebox

Question 21

Laryngeal cartilages 4 types

Answer 21

Epiglottis: folds over larynx during swallowing to revent food from entering respiratory system.

Thyroid: large in front and side; deficient posteriorly. Forms Adam’s apple.

Cricoid: ring-shaped, only cartilage that wraps completely around windpipe.

Arytenoids: pyramid-shaped cartilages on top of cricoid (see next slide). Attach to vocal cords.

Question 22

Epiglottis (cartilage)

Answer 22

flap of elastic cartilage

When swallowing, laryngeal inlet is covered by epiglottis

Question 23

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 23

incomeplete ring
forms adam’s apple (laryngeal prominance)
posterior aspect: superior and inferior ends are called horns
hangs from hyoid bone via thyrohyoid ligament

Question 24

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 24

forms complete ring
ringarch anterior, signet posterior
most inferior cartilage

Question 25

Arytenoid cartilages

Answer 25

small, paired, pyramid shaped attach to vocal ligaments muscles attach to arytenoids for movement of vocal cords.

Question 26

Vestibular ligament (false vocal cords)

Answer 26

- Attach arytenoid cartilages to back of thyroid cartilage. - Help epiglottis to close off larynx during swallowing. - Play a very minor role in phonation…unless you’re a Tibetan throat singer or Hollywood villain!

Question 27

Vocal ligaments (true vocal cords)

Answer 27

- Attach vocal process of arytenoid cartilages to back wall of thyroid cartilage. - Sound is made when air passes over vocal folds.

Question 28

Rima glottis

Answer 28

space between vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

Question 29

Movement of vocal cords

Answer 29

cords abducted - screaming cords adducted - whispering cords adducted incompletely - talking

Question 30

Muscle groups that move vocal folds

Answer 30

``` Vocal fold abductors (open rima glottidis): Increase volume (louder) ``` ``` Vocal fold adductors (close rima glottidis): Decrease volume (quieter) ``` Vocal fold looseners (lower pitch) Vocal fold tighteners (higher pitch)

Question 31

Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscles

Answer 31

open rima glottis (abduct vocal cords) | louder

Question 32

Transverse arytenoid muscles

Answer 32

Adduct arytenoid cartilages | quieter

Question 33

Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles

Answer 33

Close rima glottis (adduct vocal cords) | quieter

Question 34

Vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles

Answer 34

pull arytenoids closer to thyroid cartilage to loosen vocal ligaments lower pitch

Question 35

Cricothyroid muscles

Answer 35

pull thyroid downward and anteriorly away from arytenoids which tightens vocal cords higher pitch