Upper respiratory tract

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract where

Answer 1

Nasal cavity to carnia

Question 2

Protective respiratory mechanisms

Answer 2

Mechanical (mucus/hairs), goblet cells and serous glands, cilia, macrophages, WBC, mast cells

Question 3

Paranasal sinuses what

Answer 3

4 paired air filled spaces surrounding nasal cavity. Frontal (above eyes), maxillary (below eyes), ethmoidal (between eyes), sphenoidal (behind eyes)

Question 4

Paranasal sinus function

Answer 4

decrease relative weight face bone, buffer against blow to face, insulation, humidifying and heating of inhaled air

Question 5

Anatomy of cough reflex

Answer 5

laryngeal and tracheobronchial receptor->cough centre (intergration of afferent fibresd in medulla) via ipsilateral vagus nerve->effector musculature via phrenic, recurrent laryngeal, vagus efferents to bronchial tree

Question 6

Larynx structure and how glottis opening happens

Answer 6

epiglottis, glottis, vocal fold, vestibular fold, srytenoid cartilage (adduction+internal rotation for closure)

Question 7

Neurovasculature of larynx

Answer 7

vagus nerve wraps around subclavian artery for right and aortic arch for left and becomes recurrent laryngeal. Internal laryngeal also innervates larynx

Question 8

Level of carnia and cricoid cartilage

Answer 8

carnia-T4/5 cricoid cartilage-C6