Urban Change

Question 1

What was the scheme that took place in 1979 to the 1990s that used funding to restore derelict areas?

Answer 1

UDCs - Urban Development Corporations

Question 2

What were the first UDCs established and when?

Answer 2

London Docklands in 1981.

Question 3

What were the 4 main aims of the London Docklands UDC?

Answer 3

To attract new businesses.
Improve the environment.
Create jobs
Build new housing.

Question 4

Between 1981 and 1998, how many new homes were built? LD UDC

Answer 4

50,000 new houses for professionals.

Question 5

Between 1981 and 1998, how many jobs were created? LD UDC

Answer 5

85,000-100k jobs created

Question 6

What else was built as part of the corporation?

Answer 6

New schools
Parks
Community facilities

Question 7

By 1993, how many UDCs were established?

Answer 7

12 new UDCS

Question 8

Why were the UDCs criticised?

Answer 8

For ignoring the needs of local residents.

Question 9

What are 2 examples of needs of local residents?

Answer 9

Affordable housing
Suitable jobs

Question 10

What was the scheme that was set up in 1981 to present?

Answer 10

Enterprise Zones

Question 11

Where were Enterprise Zones established?

Answer 11

In areas with high unemployment.

Question 12

What was the aim of EZs?

Answer 12

To attract start-up companies to create jobs.

Question 13

By 1990, how many companies were housed in EZs?

Answer 13

Over 5000 companies

Question 14

What was a disadvantage of the EZs?

Answer 14

Tax reductions encouraged many existing companies to move.

Question 15

What was the scheme that was set up in 1991-1997?

Answer 15

City Challenge

Question 16

What was the City Challenge scheme?

Answer 16

Where local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas.

Question 17

What did CC do?

Answer 17

Worked with local community to improve environment of the area.

Question 18

What was a criticism of the CC scheme?

Answer 18

Many areas didn’t receive funding.

Question 19

By 1997, how many jobs were created? CC

Answer 19

Over 50,000 jobs

Question 20

By 1997, how many houses were improved? CC

Answer 20

40,000 houses improved

Question 21

What was the scheme that was in 2010 till present?

Answer 21

Partnership schemes

Question 22

What is a partnership scheme?

Answer 22

When government works with private companies to provide financial support.

Question 23

What was the aim of the partnership scheme?

Answer 23

To improve physical, economic and social conditions in deprived areas.

Question 24

Example of Partnership scheme?

Answer 24

Liverpool

Question 25

Name 3 regeneration schemes used by the UK government since 1979.

Answer 25

City Challenge UDCs Enterprise Zones

Question 26

Example of a place where CC took place?

Answer 26

Hulme, Manchester

Question 27

Give 1 economic reason why people might want to move from rural areas to urban areas.

Answer 27

Better job opportunities which are often better paid.

Question 28

When did the UDCs get established in LD?

Answer 28

1981

Question 29

What were the 3 main aims for UDCs?

Answer 29

Attract new businesses Improve local environment Create jobs

Question 30

What did the LD regeneration help London become?

Answer 30

Premier world city

Question 31

How much was spent to improve schools, parks and community facilities?

Answer 31

20 million

Question 32

Why were the UDCs criticised?

Answer 32

For ignoring the needs of local residents and there is still significant deprivation

Question 33

Why did the Docklands need regenerating?

Answer 33

Left to decay due to a loss of trade

Question 34

How high was unemployment when the Docklands were lost?

Answer 34

21% - 30k jobs were lost between 1970-1980

Question 35

What opened in 1987 which cost £73 million?

Answer 35

Docklands Light Railways - DLR

Question 36

When did the City Challenge scheme start?

Answer 36

1990s

Question 37

What was the main aim for CC?

Answer 37

To regenerate deprived urban areas by local authorities competing for funding from government

Question 38

How many jobs did CC create?

Answer 38

50k jobs

Question 39

How many houses were improved due to CC?

Answer 39

40k houses

Question 40

How much did Hulme receive in funding?

Answer 40

£37.5 million

Question 41

Why was CC criticised?

Answer 41

Because other areas were left out because their bid wasn't accepted

Question 42

What got demolished in Hulme?

Answer 42

The Crescents

Question 43

How many houses were built where the Crescents were?

Answer 43

3000 houses built

Question 44

What did CC encourage?

Answer 44

Investment

Question 45

When was City Deals established?

Answer 45

2011-Present

Question 46

How many deals were agreed for cities to take responsibility?

Answer 46

26 deals

Question 47

What is the 2 main aims of City Deals?

Answer 47

Design growth strategies to help businesses grow Create economic growth

Question 48

What is an example of City Deals?

Answer 48

Manchester Working Well

Question 49

Was City Deals successful?

Answer 49

Proven successful in delivering increased economic activity and infrastructure funding in a number of cities

Question 50

What was a disadvantage of City Deals?

Answer 50

Many employees feel that adult employment and skills funding schemes were too fragmented

Question 51

When was New Deals for Communities established?

Answer 51

2001-2011

Question 52

Where was one of the NDFC schemes?

Answer 52

Devonport, Plymouth

Question 53

What were these NDFC partnerships established to do?

Answer 53

Carry out 10-year strategic programmes designed to transform the 39 most deprived neighbourhoods and improve the lives of those in them

Question 54

What results did they see between 2000-2008 in NDC areas?

Answer 54

Improvements in 32 of 36 core indicators e.g crime, health etc

Question 55

What was a positive result of NDFC?

Answer 55

Benefitted local residents unlike UDC

Question 56

Why did Devonport need regenerating?

Answer 56

It is a naval town in the port of Plymouth and there was a high naval wall which split the town and displaced residents.

Question 57

What was a criticism of NDFC?

Answer 57

Delivered greater positive change for place rather than people