Work Notes

Question 1

What is urban sprawl?

Answer 1

The spread of city infrastructure into the surrounding countryside

Question 1

What is a world city?

Answer 1

A city that acts a major centre for finance, trade, business, politics and culture

Question 2

Why is population density tend to be high in urban areas?

Answer 2

Because of lack of housing

Question 3

What is urbanisation?

Answer 3

People moving into cities from rural areas

Question 4

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 4

When people move from city centres to the outskirts of cities

Question 5

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 5

People move out of the city altogether and move into villages and rural areas

Question 6

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 6

The movement of people back into the city centre by regeneration or gentification

Question 7

What is a megacity?

Answer 7

A city with a population of 10m or over

Question 8

What is a metacity?

Answer 8

A conurbation with more than 20m

Question 9

What is urban growth?

Answer 9

An increase in the number of urban dwellers

Question 10

What is a conurbation?

Answer 10

Cities join with towns or other cities

Question 11

What are agglomerations?

Answer 11

When conurbations join together

Question 12

What are 3 push factors for people to move out of cities?

Answer 12

Conflict
Population growth
Natural disasters

Question 13

What are 3 pull factors for people to move into cities?

Answer 13

Better healthcare
Job opportunities
Better education

Question 14

What are 3 negatives of urban sprawl?

Answer 14

More congestion
Increased pollution
Loss of green spaces

Question 15

Why was there a change to UK city centres in the 70s and 80s?

Answer 15

Mass unemployment
Industries shutting down

Question 16

What does the Burgess model of cities show?

Answer 16

Series of concentric circles e.g CBD

Question 17

Why does counter-urbanisation occur?

Answer 17

Less overcrowding
Less crime
Placelessness in cities

Question 18

Why are urban heat islands an issue?

Answer 18

Impacts on green spaces

Question 19

What are 3 solutions for UHIs?

Answer 19

Cool surfaces
Green roads
Urban greening

Question 20

What is diaspora?

Answer 20

A group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world

Question 21

What is social segregation?

Answer 21

When groups of people live apart from the larger population due to factors such as wealth, age and ethnicity

Question 22

What is an example of economic inequality in a city?

Answer 22

Antilla in Mumbai

Question 23

Why is precipitation higher in urban areas?

Answer 23

Warmer
UHI
Higher levels of concrete

Question 24

What is the Venturi effect?

Answer 24

The squeezing of the wind into an increasing narrow gap in a pressure and a velocity increase.

Question 25

What is deprivation?

Answer 25

A situation in which you don't have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life

Question 26

How is deprivation measured?

Answer 26

The indices of multiple deprivation

Question 27

What does the IMD used for?

Answer 27

To rank neighbourhoods across the UK

Question 28

What is absolute poverty?

Answer 28

The level of poverty as defined in terms of the minimal requirements of food, clothing etc

Question 29

What is relative poverty?

Answer 29

When a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards compared to others

Question 30

Why does deprivation relate to urban form? 2 points

Answer 30

Inner city is most likely to suffer decline Tends to occur in places with a high population density

Question 31

What is urban decline?

Answer 31

A process in which a previously functioning city or city area falls in disrepair and disuse

Question 32

What are 2 common indicators of urban decline?

Answer 32

Abandonment Unemployment levels

Question 33

What are 3 characteristics of urban decline?

Answer 33

Lack of skills Deprivation Poverty

Question 34

What are 3 main causes of inner city decline in the UK since WW2?

Answer 34

Rise in the service economy Lack of investment Deindustrialisation

Question 35

How do you tackle urban decline? 3 solutions

Answer 35

Enforcing a living wage Access to affordable housing Greater provision of public transport