Urban Environments

Question 1

What is the multiplier effect?

Answer 1

When an industry moves to an area which leads to more jobs, houses, transport etc…

Question 2

What is urbanisation?

Answer 2

Greater proportion of people living in urban areas. Due to migration and urban population growing quicker than rural.

Question 3

How does people migrating cause?

Answer 3

It causes growth of informal settlements

Question 4

What is the issues with informal settlements?

Answer 4

Sewage pollutes water sources
More people =more transport so more congestion
Growth of population means strain on hospitals and education

Question 5

Why do people move to urban areas?

Answer 5

People move from countryside as agriculture has failed and they need jobs
More jobs and education opportunities drive people to urban areas

Question 6

Explain the burgees model:

Answer 6

Settlement grows around the CBD
Industry arrives
Housing is needed
Richer people move away for better housing

Question 7

Explain the hoyt model:

Answer 7

Settlement grows around the CBD
Industry arrives and grows around transport
Housing is needed
Richer people move further out for better housing

Question 8

Why does the hoyt model suit Nottingham?

Answer 8

Along the trainlines there are more factories/ industrial buildings

Question 9

Why does the burgees model suit Nottingham?

Answer 9

Less developed housing closer to CBD
More developed housing in rural areas

Question 10

What is economies of scale?

Answer 10

When a settlement grows there are more resources, more resources bought means the cheaper they are (same for transport)

Question 11

What are the functions of urbane areas?

Answer 11

‘Hub’ for transport
Cultural centre for places of worship
Socialisation area for people to meet up
Educational area - schools, colleges
More job opportunites

Question 12

Why did Liverpool 1 need redevelopment?

Answer 12

Lower visitor number so low economic growth
Wasn’t visitor friendly and was congested

Question 13

What were Liverpool 1’s new facilities?

Answer 13

Mersey tram and other public transport
Better CTTV
Pedestrianised areas

Question 14

What were some other improvements in the CBD of Liverpool 1?

Answer 14

Bus lanes
Tree planting
Wider roade junctions

Question 15

Was Liverpool 1 successful?

Answer 15

91% of people would return
120 thousand people on the first day of opening

Question 16

What are the positives to the Southhampton Nurseling industrial parks?

Answer 16

Easy access to transport
Main businesses are distribution and storage

Question 17

What are the positives to the Southhampton Science park?

Answer 17

Easy access as it’s close to the M3
High quality office and laboratory space - job opportunities
Strategic and attractive location

Question 17

What are the positives to the Southhampton Retail Park?

Answer 17

Easy access - M271
Home to big shops

Question 18

What is a greenbelt site?

Answer 18

Usually located u large cities/ towns and are protected from development

Question 18

What is a greenfield site?

Answer 18

Landsites which haven’t been built on before

Question 18

What is a brownfield site?

Answer 18

Sites that have been knocked down and something knew has been built on it

Question 19

Advantages of greenfield sites:

Answer 19

Cheap land
Planning and designing is easier

Question 20

Disadvantages of greenfield sites:

Answer 20

Loss of farmland and recreational space
Scenery is lost

Question 21

Advantages of brownfield sites:

Answer 21

Near areas of population Keeps more of the countryside

Question 22

Disadvantages of brownfield sites:

Answer 22

High air and noise pollution More expensive buildings are knocked down

Question 23

What is a stakeholder?

Answer 23

People with an interest of the development/ redevelopment of a site

Question 24

Who are local stakeholders?

Answer 24

Local residents and council Property developers

Question 24

What is segregation?

Answer 24

People with characteristic are separated from the rest if society (e.g. ethnicity, wealth and age)

Question 25

Who are international stakeholders?

Answer 25

Foreign governments TNC (Transnational Corporations)

Question 26

Who are national stakeholders?

Answer 26

National government National transport routes

Question 27

What are the reasons for segregation?

Answer 27

Cheaper housing for people have recently migrated Access to public transport - lower income people Community - place of worship and certain shops

Question 28

What are issues of segregation?

Answer 28

Isolation of some groups (e.g. elderly) Overcrowding due to small houses Unfair stigmas Lack of understanding of other communities