Urban environments Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is urbanisation
An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas
What is rural-urban migration
The permanent movement of people from rural areas to urban areas
What is natural increase
An increase in population caused by birth rate being higher than death rate
What are push factors
Negative factors that encourage people away from their place of origin (political instability, poor access to education)
What are pull factors
Positive factors that attract people to areas (Higher income, better access to education)
What is regeneration
When an area that has been in decline is invested in by the government and individuals
What is suburbanisation
When people start to move into the suburbs on the outskirts of cities. Hence, the suburbs expand further outwards
What is counter-urbanisation
When people move away from cities to rural areas.
What is conurbation
When two smaller cities grow by urban sprawl and eventually join to form one metropolitan city
What is urban sprawl
The process by which cities grow outwards from the outskirts
What is a mega city
A city with a population of over 10 million people
What is a world city
A city with global influence politically, culturally and economically
What is the informal economy
Activities that are not regulated by the government so these people don’t pay tax
Disadvantages of the informal economy (Colombia)
Exploitation of workers.
No taxes or contribution to the economy.
Advantages of the informal economy (Colombia)
Employs people with low skills.
May give skills to workers
What are squatter settlements
Settlements that people live in where they don’t own the land and build their own houses.
What is a self-help scheme
The local authority provides building materials for the inhabitants to build their own homes - (cheap)
What is a site and service scheme
The local authority builds infrastructure on an area then leases it to people in squatter settlements
Rio - how is transport being improved
Biking - 300km of biking infrastructure put in place and the increased bike share program
Bus - Rio has a network of high quality bus transport
Rio - How is QOL for residents being improved
Police pacification - police are moved in to restore order reducing crime rates and making the favelas safer
Favela tourism - tours are offered by the locals, boosting the economy and transforming the view of the favelas
What is a stakeholder
Any individual or groups of people with an interest in any particular issue
What are the 4 layers of the Burgess Model
- CBD - high rise buildings
- Inner City - terraced small houses
- Suburbs - Middle-upper class houses
- Rural-urban fringe - Upper class big houses
What does land value mean
How much the land is worth per metre squared
What is a bid rent model
A model that predicts land use in a city according to how much different groups are willing to pay per m2
