Urbanisation

Question 1

What are push and pull factors

Answer 1

Push factors are things that make you want to leave rural areas

Pull factors are things that make you want to move into urban areas

Question 2

What are some examples of push factors

Answer 2

Desertification means farming is hard and the amount of available land is decreasing

Land used to grow food is now used for “cash crops” like coffee or chocolate

People fleeing from natural disasters

Long distance from medical facilities

Question 3

What are some pull factors in urbanisation

Answer 3

There is more employment in factories and the service industry (construction)

Better quality healthcare and education

Informal sector is lucrative - selling goods on the street

Question 4

What is urban sprawl

Answer 4

Then spreading of cities outwards

Question 5

What are some negative effects of urbanisation

Answer 5

Increase road builtage and road use- more traffic and pollution

Building in greenfield land - habitat loss

Loss of farmland at edges of city- less food supply

More impermeable services- more

4

Question 6

What makes a world city

Answer 6

History
Airport
Good university’s
Landmarks
Important government buildings
Many head offices of businesses

Question 7

What makes London a world city

Answer 7

Headquarters of Barclays is there
London has 43 universities
Diverse cultures - 300 languages spoken
Landmarks - the eye , Buckingham palace

Question 8

What is the cycle of urbanisation

Answer 8

Urbanisation-growth of urban cities
Suburbanisation- growth of edges of cities
Counter urbanisation- people moving to towns
Re-urbanisation- movement back to cities

Question 9

What is the difference between a megacity and a world city

Answer 9

A megacity is based on population)10 million)
A world city is based on global importance

Question 10

What are some positive effects of suburbanisation

Answer 10

Opportunity to create parks and open spaces
Spacious housing, less high density
Increase in offices , shops at edges of town
Increase in gyms and golf clubs
Ability to work from home

Question 11

What are some negative effects of surbanisation on cities

5

Answer 11

Decline in CBD businesses
Builds on Greenspace land - destroy habitats
Commuting by car - pollution
Greater divide between cultures
Some buildings in the inner city are left unused

Question 12

What is counter urbanisation

Answer 12

When people move from large towns or cities to small towns and cities

Question 13

Why are cities seeing more counter urbanisation than urbanisation

Answer 13

With technology nowadays you are able to work from home
If you need to be in a couple days a week you can just get a train from your rural train
This means there’s no requirement to actually live in the cities where your office is

Question 14

What are some social impacts of counter urbanisation

Answer 14

Schools become full in rural areas
The villages lose their “traditional feel” and they become like ghost towns
Hard to get appointment in GP
Roads become very congested

Question 15

What are some economic impacts of counter urbanisation

Answer 15

Farmers land prices will go up - able to make money from converting old barns and selling land

Question 16

What is urban regeneration

Answer 16

Urban resurgence is the regeneration of an urban area

Question 17

What is de-industrialisation

Answer 17

De-industrialisation is the decline in the proportion of jobs in manufacturing and factories in the area

Question 18

What is the benefits of a pedestrianised street

Answer 18

Less pollution , looks nicer , easier to commute for people without cars

Question 19

What are some ways in which Birmingham has regenerated

Answer 19

Restoring historic CBD buildings- tourism

Weekly street markets- community feel

More steeet lighting - feel safer

Increased public transport - less traffic , more routes in CBD

Plants trees-mental health, looks pretty

Question 20

Why is automation good for the consumer

Answer 20

The product is cheaper for the consumer
As the business isn’t paying as many workers

Question 21

What is automation being criticised

Answer 21

It puts workers out of their jobs

Question 22

Why is globalisation good for businesses

Answer 22

They are able to pay workers less and get raw materials cheaper , increasing profit margins

Question 23

Why do many immigrants move towards cities

Answer 23

Immigrants like to live with other people of the same race as they share similar religious views , culture and language

Cities also have many jobs with low qualifications

Question 24

What are some economic impacts of diversity in uk towns and cities

Answer 24

Migrants often are needed to fill labour shortages

The false perception of migrants being taking jobs leads to racism

Migrants tend to be younger and add to workforce - more taxes for government

Question 25

What are some education impacts of diversity in uk towns and cities 3

Answer 25

Schools may need to put on extra English lessons Father schools have more students attending (overcrowded potentially) Reports show children of migrants more likely to go to uni - skilled workers for the uk

Question 26

What are some health impacts of diversity in Britain 1

Answer 26

Migrants tend to have poorer health because of the poor quality of housing in inner city areas - strain on NHS

Question 27

What are some cultural impacts of diversity in Britain 3

Answer 27

Towns and cities host festivals either food and music from migrant groups - builds sense of community , fun for everyone Each culture has a wide range of food 75 percent of migrants see sports as a way of intergrating with locals

Question 28

What is decentralisation

Answer 28

As land prices in the city centres increase , businesses such as shops and offices may relocate to suburbs

Question 29

What is urban form

Answer 29

The physical characteristics that make up a city - size , population density

Question 30

What are some physical factors affecting urban form

Answer 30

Topography - physical features influencing growth of cities eg : large flat areas encourage low density development Natural rescources - encourage growth Land type - wetland can be more difficult to build on

Question 31

What are some human factors affecting urban form

Answer 31

Infrastructure- new developments are often built along railway links Planning - unplanned settlements like slums in developing countries and planned development like leisure centres Land value - huge profitable stores will be found in city ventres as the land is expensive, the opposite being true for smaller shops

Question 32

What are some different characters of cities in developed countries

Answer 32

Town centre mixed development Culture and heritage quarters Gentrified areas Fortress developments Edge cities

Question 33

What are some features of town centre mixed developments and culture and heritage quarters

Answer 33

Town centre mixed development- land use is mixed - offices , luxury flats , entertainment Culture and heritage quarters- focus on the history and character of a city - contain art galleries and historic buildings - encourage tourism therefore making jobs

Question 34

What are the features of a fortress development and gentrified areas

Answer 34

Developments for houses or shops - lots of security and high walls- only those with permission can enter- designed to give a safe environment for rich families Gentrified areas Fortress developments- wealthier people move into shitholes and regenerate them- large range of services but unaffordable for poorer residents

Question 35

What are edge cities

Answer 35

Areas of offices and shops that develop close to major transport links where land is cheaper Developed since care use is common