urbanisation case study Flashcards
(16 cards)
what factors influence urban land use
Land in city centres / Central Business Districts is very expensive, so only commercial shops / big businesses / corporate offices can afford the rent
Land is cheaper on the edges of cities, so there is more residential land use (suburbs)
why do cities decline
De-industrialisation can be caused by competition from overseas with it being cheaper to manufacture products in developing/emerging economies.
The growth of tertiary / quaternary industries (1) can lead to jobs in manufacturing becoming less attractive.
mumbai - port
mumbai has a large deep water port that is critical for international trade
rich area of mumbai
malabar hill
richest residential area
problems in mumbai
high risk of fire and diseases- houses are built close to eachother, so the spread of disease and fires can be rapid
water pollusion, water-borne diseases such as salmonella and diarrhoea
top down case study
vision mumbai
vision mumbai
Top-down development – ‘Vision Mumbai’ is a plan to improve the city and quality of life by providing cheap housing, restoring ‘green’ spaces, building toilets, and improving the rail system.
Advantages:
- new flats with piped water and sewage systems that have replaced 45,000 unplanned settlements
- 300 extra public toilets
- 72 new trains and safer wider platforms.
Disadvantages:
- apartment blocks splitting up communities
- rents costs becoming unaffordable
- small workshops (recycling industry) having to move
- water quality worsening because of sewage discharge.
bottom down
LSS
LSS
- Bottom-up development – LSS health charity was setup to control leprosy in Dharavi (Mumbai’s largest unplanned settlement). It delivers education about health and carries out
health-related and community work.
Advantages: - 28 000 people treated in the last 30 years
- play groups run for young children to help working parents
- community education about the importance of boiling water and waste disposal.
Disadvantages: - It can’t reach everyone
- It relies on charity funding.
how does LSS provide education
SET
- surveys and detects cases
- educates people about symptoms and treatments
- treats people and do checkups
history of mumbai
- Mumbai is a megacity, India’s main commercial city, and a world city.
- The area now known as Mumbai was colonised by the Portuguese then control passed to the British Empire until India became independent in 1947.
- During this time the area’s economy grew from cotton trading, textile mills and its port
location of mumbai
Mumbai is:
- on an estuary, where its port grew
- well-connected owing to its port on the west coast (closer to Europe) and by air, only 9-hours from the UK
- not typical of developing cities – the CBD is near the island tip surrounded by unequal residential areas.
mumbai’s city structure
Mumbai’s structure loosely follows that of developing cities:
- High quality housing is found in the inner city close to the CBD that only the wealthy can afford.
- Low-income poor quality (permanent housing) surrounds the inner city.
* Unplanned (informal) settlements spread outwards as rural-urban migrants arrive and build on what land is available.
mumbai’s growth
Mumbai grew substantially between 1888 and 2015.
Today, Mumbai is experiencing hyper-urbanisation – about 1000 new migrants arrive every day. Mumbai has grown for two reasons:
1. Rural-urban migration – Pull factors are migrants wanting jobs (higher incomes) and education facilities. Push factors are crop failure and small farmers being forced off the land
by their landlords.
2. Natural increase – young migrants settle and start families.
urban population growth and challenges
Population growth has created new suburbs, such as Navi Mumbai, caused by the migration of the middle classes from the city.
Unplanned settlements continue to sprawl as new migrants arrive.
Rapid growth is putting pressure on land. Therefore, prices are rising. Some industries are moving out as a result.
