URGENCIAS 2ND PARTIAL Flashcards
(40 cards)
In the etiology of seizures, what does “A” stand for?
IT MEANS AUTOIMMUNE, SUCH AS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULITIS OR LUPUS
What is the mnemonic word we can use to remember the etiology of seizures?
VITAMINS
What is epilepsy?
CRISES WITHOUT A CLEAR TRIGERRING CAUSE. IT IS THE MOST COMMON BRAIN DISORDER IN THE POPULATION
A seizure is:
A SYMPTOM
In the etiology of seizures, what does “M” stand for?
IT IS FOR METABOLIC, WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES SUCH AS HYPONATREMIA OR HYPOCALCEMIA, HYPOGLYCEMIA OR HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPHATY, AND UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN KIDNEY DISEASE
Types of epileptic seizures
GENERALIZED AND FOCAL
What characterizes a Tonic Seizure?
THEY INVOLVE SUDDEN STIFFENING OF THE MUSCLES WITH LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
What characterizes a clonic seizure?
THEY INVOLVE RHYTHMIC JERKING OF THE MUSCLES WITH LOSS OF CONSCIOUSSNESS
What characterizes a tonic- clonic seizure?
A PERSON MAY HAVE SUDDEN CONTRACTION OF THE VOCAL CORD MUSCLES, CAUSING THEM TO SCREAM OR CRY INVOLUNTARILY DURING THE SEIZURE. CONTRACTION OF THE EYE MUSCLES CAN CAUSE THE EYES TO MOVE UPWARD.
What characterizes a myoclonic seizure?
SEIZURES THE CONTRACTIONS ARE MUCH FASTER, OCCURRING AT A RATE OF 0.1 SECONDS
They are the most common type of seizures in children and adolescents. Episodes characterized by sudden, brief loss of consciousness for seconds or minutes without any change in the individual’s muscle tone. The episodes may occur dozens or even hundreds of times a day, and are classically described by the parents and teachers as “staring”, daydreaming or “inattention”
NON MOTOR SEIZURES
In focal seizures if a person remains conscious it is called
SIMPLE FOCAL SEIZURE
What are some features that are present in seizures but are absent in differential diagnosis such as syncope, dissociative crisis or migraine
TONGUE BITING AND POSTICTAL PHASE
Why do dissociative crisis occur
AS A CUTTING MECHANISM TO AVOID RELIVING BAD MEMORIES
To rule out other seizure etiologies, it is important to start by considering the possible causes in what order should the studies be performed:
A DX WORKUP
AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
BRAIN IMAGING WITH CT OR MRI
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)
Once epilepsy is diagnosed, it is usually treated with daily medication, the main form of medication being anticonvulsants
VERDADERO
What is a cause of primary hypertension
ADVANCED AGE
What is the order of the protocol if a patient experiences a seizure that does not subside after 5 in the dental office
- SUSPEND THE TX
- GUARANTEE OPTIMAL VENTILATION
- PLACE IN SUPINE POSITION
- DO NOT RESTRAIN THE PATIENT, ONLY KEEP SAFE FROM INJURY
- ADMINISTER IV TRANQUILIZER (DIACEPAM)
6- IF THE PATIENT STOPS BREATHING STAR CPR
What is the value of hypertension in adults
140/90mmHg
A hypertensive crisis is characterized by BP greater than
200/120mmHg
Use local anesthetics WITH vasoconstrictor, restricting the maximum dose of epinephrine to:
0.2 MG AT A CONCENTRATION OF 1: 100,000
In patients up to BP levels of 179/90 without organ damage, a maximum of:
0.54MG CONCENTRATION OF 1:100,000
Select all of the contraindications for the use of adrenergic vasoconstrictor
PATIENTS RECEIVING B-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, SUCH AS PROPANOLOL, TIMOLOL, UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS, PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (<6 MONTHS)
In stable angina pectoris the patient suffers progressive pain triggered by minimal exercise and even at rest. Chest pain is becoming more frequent and more severe, does not respond quickly to the administration of coronary vasodilators and announces the imminent arrival or a myocardial infarction
FALSO
