Urinalysis Flashcards
(19 cards)
What does milky urine indicate?
Presence of WBCs, bacteria or fat
Milky urine can suggest various pathological conditions that require further investigation.
What pathological condition is indicated by reddish-amber urine?
Urobilinogen or porphyrin, suggesting liver disease or Addison’s
Reddish-amber urine can result from the action of intestinal bacteria on bile.
What does brownish-yellow or green urine indicate?
Presence of bile pigments
Bile pigments can be associated with liver or biliary tract conditions.
What does red to smoky brown urine indicate?
Presence of blood and blood pigments
This can be a sign of bleeding within the urinary tract.
What does cloudy urine suggest?
Presence of phosphates, urates, WBCs, bacteria, epithelial cells or fat
Cloudiness often indicates various underlying infections or conditions.
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What does a specific gravity less than 1.015 indicate?
Excess fluid intake, diabetes insipidus, or chronic renal failure
This finding may suggest overhydration or renal dysfunction.
What does a specific gravity greater than 1.025 indicate?
Limited fluid intake, dehydration, fever, or kidney inflammation
High specific gravity often signifies concentrated urine.
What condition can cause glucose to appear in urine?
Excessive carbohydrate intake or diabetes mellitus
Glucosuria is often seen in uncontrolled diabetes.
What does the presence of albumin in urine indicate?
Increased permeability of the glomerular membrane, kidney trauma, or conditions like glomerulonephritis
Albuminuria can be a sign of kidney dysfunction.
What do ketone bodies in urine indicate?
Starvation or excessive metabolism of fats or proteins
Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy.
What do nitrites in urine indicate?
Bacterial contamination or urinary tract infection (UTI)
Nitrites are often produced by certain bacteria in UTIs.
What does protein in urine indicate?
Glomerular damage or inflammation
Proteinuria can also occur under physical stress or strenuous exercise.
What do red blood cells in urine suggest?
Irritation of urinary tract organs by calculi or physical trauma
Hematuria can result from various underlying issues.
What does hemoglobin in urine indicate?
Hemolysis of red blood cells due to conditions like hemolytic anemias or renal disease
Hemoglobinuria may be a sign of serious underlying pathology.
What do bile pigments in urine indicate?
Liver pathology such as hepatitis or cirrhosis
Bile pigments can signify liver dysfunction.
What do white blood cells in urine indicate?
Inflammation of the urinary tract usually caused by bacterial infection
Pyuria is commonly associated with UTIs.
What do casts in urine usually indicate?
Pathological conditions such as pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis
The presence of casts reflects renal damage.
