Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MS - BioMedicine > Urinalysis & Examinations > Flashcards

Urinalysis & Examinations Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the two main types of urinalysis?

A

Dipstick analysis and microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What parameters are assessed in dipstick urinalysis?

A
  • Leukocytes
  • Ketones
  • pH
  • Nitrites (bacteria)
  • Specific gravity
  • Glucose
  • Microalbuminuria (albumin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What parameters are assessed in urine microscopy?

A
  • Volume / Colour / Odour
  • Leukocytes
  • Urobilinogen bilirubin
  • Erythrocytes
  • Casts (molecules)
  • Bacteria
  • Protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fill in the blank: Urinalysis can be divided into _______ analysis and microscopy.

A

[dipstick]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: Urinalysis can help check for early diabetes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does specific gravity measure in urinalysis?

A

How concentrated (osmolarity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the significance of detecting nitrites in urinalysis?

A

Indicates presence of bacteria, UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which parameter in urine microscopy can indicate kidney issues?

A

Casts (molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is microalbuminuria an indicator of?

A

Early diabetes or kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which substance in urine microscopy can indicate bleeding?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What might a high level of ketones in urine indicate?

A

Diabetes or starvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does specific gravity measure in urine?

A

Concentration of urine

Specific gravity can indicate hydration status and kidney function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a primary indication for urinalysis?

A

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Urinalysis is commonly used to diagnose UTIs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are leukocytes in urine indicative of?

A

Possible urinary tract infection (UTI)

Presence of leukocytes often suggests an inflammatory response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can the presence of ketones in urine indicate?

A

Keto-acidosis or ketone diet

Ketones are produced during fat metabolism, often seen in uncontrolled diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the presence of nitrites in urine suggest?

A

Bacterial infection

Certain bacteria convert nitrates to nitrites, indicating a UTI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does urobilinogen in urine indicate?

A

Liver pathology

Abnormal levels can suggest liver disease or hemolysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the presence of erythrocytes in urine signify?

Study These Flashcards
A

Possible kidney disease or injury

Blood in urine can indicate various conditions, including stones or tumors.

19
Q

What does protein in urine suggest?

Study These Flashcards
A

Kidney disease or nephron disease

Proteinuria can indicate damage to the kidney filtering system.

20
Q

What is a common threshold for glucose in urine?

Study These Flashcards
A

9 mmol/L

Glucosuria can indicate diabetes mellitus or excessive carbohydrate intake.

21
Q

What does an increase in specific gravity suggest?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dehydration

High specific gravity indicates concentrated urine, often due to low fluid intake.

22
Q

What is microalbuminuria a sign of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Early kidney disease

Microalbuminuria is an early indicator of nephropathy, especially in diabetes.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: Urinalysis can help identify _______ as a complication of diabetes mellitus.

Study These Flashcards
A

Keto-acidosis

24
Q

True or False: The presence of casts in urine can indicate kidney disease.

Study These Flashcards
A

True

Casts are formed in the renal tubules and can indicate various kidney conditions.

25
What is the term for painful, burning urination?
Dysuria ## Footnote Dysuria is characterized by discomfort during urination.
26
What does polyuria refer to?
Large quantity of urine ## Footnote Polyuria indicates an increased urine output.
27
What is the definition of oliguria?
Little urine (<400ml/day) ## Footnote Oliguria is a condition where urine output is significantly reduced.
28
What does anuria mean?
No urine ## Footnote Anuria is a severe condition where the kidneys produce little to no urine.
29
What is proteinuria?
Protein in the urine - it’s frothy ## Footnote Proteinuria can indicate kidney damage or disease.
30
What does bacteriuria refer to?
Bacteria in the urine ## Footnote Bacteriuria may suggest a urinary tract infection (UTI).
31
What is nocturia?
Night urination (waking to urinate) ## Footnote Nocturia can disrupt sleep and may indicate underlying health issues.
32
What does haematuria mean?
Blood in the urine ## Footnote Haematuria can be a sign of various medical conditions, including infections or tumors.
33
What does eGFR stand for?
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ## Footnote eGFR is a test used to check kidney function.
34
Name two medical examinations used to assess renal function.
* Ultrasound * Renal arteriography ## Footnote These examinations help visualize kidney structures and blood flow.
35
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a test that measures the rate of filtration by the kidneys.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ## Footnote GFR is crucial for assessing kidney health.
36
What is the purpose of a cystoscopy?
To visualize the bladder using a camera ## Footnote Cystoscopy is performed to examine bladder conditions.
37
True or False: Creatinine is a marker used in renal function tests.
True ## Footnote Creatinine levels help assess kidney efficiency.
38
List three inflammatory markers used in renal examinations.
* ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) * C-Reactive Protein (CRP) * Leukocytes ## Footnote These markers help identify inflammation in the body.
39
What imaging technique can be used for detecting ureteric obstruction?
CT scan ## Footnote CT scans provide detailed images of the urinary tract.
40
What is the significance of measuring electrolytes in renal function tests?
To assess the balance of minerals in the body ## Footnote Electrolytes such as sodium and potassium are critical for kidney function.
41
Fill in the blank: A blood test for urea helps to evaluate _______ function.
kidney ## Footnote Urea levels indicate how well the kidneys are filtering waste.
42
What role does MRI play in renal examinations?
To assess for malignancy ## Footnote MRI provides detailed images that can help detect tumors.
43
Name a common non-invasive method to check kidney structure.
Ultrasound ## Footnote Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys.

MS - BioMedicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions