Urinary

Question 1

It’s major role is to maintain homeostasis by maintaining body fluid composition and volume

Answer 1

The Urinary System

Question 2

Organs in the Upper Urinary Tract

Answer 2

*Kidneys
*Ureters

Question 3

Organs in the Lower Urinary Tract

Answer 3

*Urinary Bladder
*Urethra
*Pelvic floor

Question 4

Blood supply is taken by the (answer)

Answer 4

Renal Artery

Question 5

Kidney’s receive (answer) ml of blood per minute

Answer 5

1,200 ml

Question 6

Kidney’s have a (answer) % cardiac output

Answer 6

20-25%

Question 7

How many liters of blood passes in the Kidney per hour?

Answer 7

72 liters

Question 8

Is excreted via urine

Answer 8

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Question 9

3 steps in urine formation

Answer 9

Glomerular formation
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 10

The fluid that enters the capsule is called (answer)

Answer 10

Glomerular filtrate

Question 11

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is (answer) ml/min

Answer 11

125

Question 12

Urine is formed (answer) ml/min; (answer) ml/hour; (answer) ml/day

Answer 12

0.5-1 ml/min

60 ml/hour

1,500 ml/day

Question 13

Water and solute move from the blood to the glomerular capsule

Answer 13

Glomerular filtration

Question 14

It is the movement of substances from the filtrate in the kidney tubules into the blood in the peritubular capillaries

Answer 14

Tubular reabsorption

Question 15

Only (answer) % of the filtrate remains in the tubules to become urine

Answer 15

1%

Question 16

Water is absorbed by (answer), while most solutes are reabsorbed by (answer)

Answer 16

(1) Osmosis
(2) Active transportation

Question 17

It is the movement of water
across a selectively
permeable membrane from
an area of high water
potential (low solute
concentration) to an area of
low water potential (high
solute concentration).

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

It is the transport of substances from the blood into the renal tubule

Answer 18

Tubular secretion

Question 19

What is primarily eliminated in the body in tubular secretion?

Answer 19

Potassium and hydrogen

Question 20

What are eliminated in the body in tubular secretion?

Answer 20

Ammonia, Uric Acid, and some drug metabolites

Question 21

Kidney Functions

Answer 21

1) Excretes waste products of protein metabolism
2) Maintains acid base balances
3) Maintain fluid & electrolyte balance
4) Produces enzymes & hormones

Question 22

This is done by the kidneys together with the lungs where lungs control acid-base balance by controlling (answer)

Answer 22

C02

Question 23

The kidneys use (answer) mechanism to regulate acid-base balance

Answer 23

ammonia

Question 24

Decreased sodium concentration of the in the blood

Answer 24

Hyponatremia

Question 25

Inadequate amount of potassium in ECF due to diarrhea

Answer 25

Hypokalemia

Question 26

Results in GI losses/ GI fluid loss

Answer 26

Hyponatremia

Question 27

Results in Vomiting and other GI losses

Answer 27

Hypokalemia

Question 28

Increase sodium concentration in the blood due to fever/diarrhea

Answer 28

Hypernatremia

Question 29

Results to metabolic alkalosis where there is a heavy loss of acid from the body; increase levels of HC03 (Bicarbonate)

Answer 29

Excessive vomiting

Question 30

Secretory functions of colon aids electrolyte balance is secreted in exchange of chloride

Answer 30

IN GIT

Question 31

Serious alterations like in diarrhea can cause severe (answer)

Answer 31

electrolyte disturbance

Question 32

The four organs of water loss

Answer 32

Lungs Kidneys Skin GI tract

Question 33

The body is (answer)% water

Answer 33

60-70%

Question 34

Kidney contains (answer) ml of water

Answer 34

1,200-1,500 %

Question 35

Skin (precipitation) contains (answer) ml of water

Answer 35

500-600 ml

Question 36

Lungs (breathing) contains (answer) ml of water

Answer 36

300-400 ml

Question 37

GI tract (feces) contains (answer) ml of water

Answer 37

100-200 ml

Question 38

Factors that affect water content

Answer 38

Age Sex Body Size

Question 39

Regulates blood flow in times of renal ischemia

Answer 39

Renin

Question 40

Renin are released from (answer)

Question 41

Renin belongs to the (answer) system

Answer 41

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 42

It is present in the kidneys for maintaining normal RBC

Answer 42

Erythropoietin

Question 43

Used to treat anemia of patients with chronic renal disease

Answer 43

Erythropoietin

Question 44

Transmits urine from the kidney to the bladder

Answer 44

Ureters

Question 45

Transmits urine from the kidney to the bladder by the process called (answer)

Answer 45

peristalsis

Question 46

Stores and excretes urine

Answer 46

Urinary bladder

Question 46

Urinary bladder is capable of holding (answer) ml of urine with (answer) ml maximum

Answer 46

(1) 400-500 ml (2) 1,000 ml

Question 47

Urinary bladder is composed of three layers of (answer)

Answer 47

detrusor muscles

Question 48

Transports urine outside through the urethral meatus

Answer 48

Urethra

Question 49

Factors influencing urination

Answer 49

1) Infection control and hygiene 2) Growth & development 3) Psychosocial functions 4) Socio-cultural factors 5) Psychological factor 6) Disease condition 7) Muscle tone 8)Fluid balance 9) Surgical procedure 10) Diagnostic examination

Question 50

Involuntary passage of urine when control should be established

Answer 50

Enuresis

Question 51

Involuntary passing of urine during sleep

Answer 51

Nocturnal Enuresis (Bed wetting)

Question 52

A type of enuresis related to other physical problem such as stress or illness

Answer 52

Secondary enuresis

Question 53

Excessive urination during night (not involuntary and different from nocturnal enuresis)

Answer 53

Nocturia

Question 54

What does Bright orange to rust color in urine indicate?

Answer 54

Phenazopyridine

Question 55

What does Green or blue discoloration in urine indicate?

Answer 55

Amitriptyline

Question 56

What does Brown or black discoloration in urine indicate?

Answer 56

Levodopa

Question 57

What type of altered urine function is the production of abnormally large amount of urine?

Answer 57

Polyuria

Question 58

What type of altered urine function is decreased urine output?

Answer 58

Oliguria

Question 59

Lack of urine output is (answer) ml/hr.

Answer 59

0-10 ml

Question 60

Accumulation of urine in the bladder as the result of the inability of the bladder to empty

Answer 60

Urinary Retention

Question 61

Painful urination

Answer 61

Dysuria

Question 62

What is the most common pathogenic cause in UTI?

Answer 62

Escherichia Coli or E. Coli

Question 63

Involuntary urination, a symptom not a disease

Answer 63

Urinary Incontinence

Question 64

What is the normal color and clarity in urine?

Answer 64

Straw, amber and transparent