Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

surgery > urinary > Flashcards

urinary Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

failure of one or both ureters to terminate in the normal location

A

ectopic ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what breeds are predisposed to ectopic ureters

A

husky
lab/golden
westies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

young female lab that is incontinent and cant be house trained, also is showing urine scald and UTI

A

ectopic ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how accurate is excretory urography in diagnosing ectopic ureters

A

76%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ectopic ureter that enters into the neck, urethra, or vagina

A

extramural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ectopic ureter that enters normally but exits abnormally

A

intramural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F

extramural ectopic ureters are the most common in dogs

A

FALSE – intramural are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dilation of distal ureter that was a persistent membrane in embryonic development

A

ureterocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how to DX ureterocele

A

IV urography
COBRA HEAD SIGN
ultrasonography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a cobra head sign asscoiated with

A

ureterocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment of intravesicular ureterocele

A

ureterocelectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ectopic ureterocele treament

A

neoureterocystostomy with ureterocelectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1 cause of ureteral trauma

A

iatrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diagnose ureteral trauma

A

uroretroperitoneum

uroabdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clamp injury leads to ureteral trauma after how many minutes

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ureteroureterostomy

A

ureteral anastomosis
procedure of choice for proximal ureter
high incidence of complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neoureterocystostomy

A

ureteral reimplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Used when proximal ureteral length is insufficient to reach the bladder but long enough to cross midline

A

transureterourostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fixes the bladder in a more cranial position

A

psoas hitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most common indication for ureteral surgery

A

ureterolithiasis -most are radiopaque calcium oxalate so use radiographs to dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F

medical management is a good option for urolithiasis

A

false - most are calcium oxalate which are not dissolvable

sx if lithotripsy fails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

indications for permanent ureteral stenting

A

stone
tumor
stricture
blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common developmental abnormality of male genitalia

A

hypospadias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

incomplete formation of the penile urethra

A

hypospadias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
breed that commonly gets hypospadias
boston terriers
26
protrusion of urethral mucosa through orifice
urethra prolapse
27
what breeds are urethral prolapse common in
young male brachycephalics
28
young bulldog comes in bleeding from his prepuce and licking it, you notice a red purple mass
urethral prolapse
29
T/F | plain radiographs are the best diagnostic tool for urethral trauma
false - need to do positive contrast urethrogram
30
common locations of urethral obstructions in cats
distal 1/3 of urethra normally mucus plugs, crystals or stones
31
common urethral obstructions in dogs
ischial arch or caudal os penis stones
32
creating a temporary opening into the urethra
prescrotal urethrotomy - indicated when calculi cannot be hydropropulsed
33
forming a permanent opening of the urethra at a new site
urethrostomy | scrotal is preferred in dogs
34
indications for a urethrostomy
permanent damage recurrent urethral obstruction obrtruction that cannot be retropulsed
35
T/F | prescrotal urethrostomy has a higher incidence of urine scald than scrotal urethrostomy
TRUE also has more cavernous tissue and is ONLY indicated when a more distal approach is not possible
36
a salvage procedure to treat FLUTDS and calculi in male cats
perineal urethrostomy
37
T/F | perineal urethrostomy in cats will prevent FLUTDS and will lower the incidence of bacterial cystitis
FALSE -- does not prevent FLUTDS and will increase incidence of bacterial cystitis
38
in a perineal urethrostomy dissect to the level of ...
bbu gland / pelvic urethra
39
Creation of a urethrostomy on the ventral body wall cranial to the pubis
antepubic urethrostomy
40
indications for antepubic urethrostomy
recurrent pelvic urethral obstruction or failed perineal urethrostomy that cannot be revised
41
where is the incision approach for female dogs and all cats for antepubic urethrostomy
ventral midline
42
where is the incision approach for male dogs for antepubic urethrostomy
parapreputial
43
what ligament of the bladder should be avoided during surgery
lateral ligaments
44
region between the urethra and ureteral opening
trigone
45
ligament of the bladder that can be cut during cystotomy
ventral ligament
46
what is the ventral ligament of the bladder called in a fetus
urachus
47
embryonic conduit providing communication between the bladder and allantoic sac
urachus -- atrophies at birth
48
clinical signs of a persistent urachus
``` patent urachal canal dribbling from umbilicus omphalitis ventral abdominal dermatitis UTI ```
49
how to diagnose persistent urachus
place contract in the umbilicus
50
when the persistent distal urachus remains open
urachal sinus
51
when the secreting urachal epithelium persists
urachal cyst
52
T/F | in any trauma, consider the bladder ruptured until you can rule it out
true
53
T/F | palpable bladder rules out rupture
false
54
T/F | normal urination rules out ruptured bladder
false
55
T/F | urine retrieval by catheter rules out bladder rupture
false
56
death in ___ hours by bladder rupture
47-90
57
T/F | plain radiographs can diagnose ruptured bladder
false -- they will only see abdominal fluid or absence of bladder -- there will be decreased serosal detail
58
how to diagnose ruptured bladder
positive contrast urethrocystogram
59
in a bladder rupture, when you perform an abdominocentesis how will the urea, creatinine, and potassium in the fluid compare to the serum
urea = serum urea crea > serum crea fluid K > serum K
60
needed for urinary diversion
tube cystotomy
61
indications for cystopexy
tube cystotomy perineal hernia urinary incontinence associated with pelvic bladder
62
most common location of cystic calculi
bladder UTI in 76% of cases
63
how to diagnose cystic calculi
plain radiographs pneumocystography double contrast cystography u/s
64
what stones are radiolucent
cystine and urate
65
most common surgery of the bladder and urolith removal
cystotomy
66
preferred approach for cystotomy
ventral -- increased exposure of the bladder neck and acan visualize ureteral orificies
67
most common bladder tumor of dogs
transitional cell carcinoma -- | 97% malignant
68
what dog breed seems to get TCC most
scottish terriers -- especially older females
69
most common tumor in cats urinary tract
renal lymphoma
70
most common bladder tumor of cats
bladder TCC
71
where do bladder tumors typically form in dogs
the trigone
72
where do bladder tumors typically form in cats
apex
73
predisposing factors for transition cell carcinoma
obesity insecticide exposure herbicide cyclophophamide
74
MST with chemo treatments of TCC
4-6 months
75
partial cystectomy of TCC tumor with borders >___cm
1 cm
76
neprolithiasis surgery indicated if...
obstructed or infection associated with calculi
77
nephrolithotomy approach
ventral midline celiotomy | mobilize kidney and make a saggital incison
78
surgery for when the calculi is in the renal pelvis and dilated
pyelolithotomy
79
progressive dilatation of the renal pelvis and atrophy of the renal parenchyma
hydronephrosis
80
T/F | bilateral hydronephrosis can cause severe azotemia and death
true
81
ascending infection predisposed by damaged parenchyma in the kidney
pyelonephritis
82
giant kidney worm
dioctophyma renale
83
most common benign neoplasia
renal adenoma
84
most common renal neoplasia in dogs
renal cell carcinoma
85
MST renal carcinoma in dogs
9 months
86
T/F | surgery is indicated for cats with renal lymphoma
false
87
congenital renal neoplasia in young dogs and cats
embryonic nephroblastoma
88
embryonic nephroblastoma MST
6 months
89
how accurate are abdominal rads for an abdominal mass? for a kidney mass?
81% abdominal | 54% renal
90
how accurate are ultrasounds for an abdominal mass? for a kidney mass?
100% abdominal mass | 85% renal mass
91
contraindications with renal biopsy
coagulopathies hypertension severe chronic hydronephrosis
92
sample size for a renal biopsy
> 5-6 glomeruli
93
preferred renal biopsy method
ultrasound guided
94
MST with renal transplant
613 days 23% do not survive discharge

surgery (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions