Urinary and Digestive Stude Guide

Question 1

functions of urinary system

Answer 1

1. Water concentration in blood
2. Blood pH stabilization
3. Maintain ions
4. Hormone Secretion

Question 2

kidney location and function

Answer 2

Location: retroperitoneal
Function: Blood is filtered and toxins are removed

Question 3

cortex of kidney location and function

Answer 3

Location: outer layer of kidney
Function: contains Bowman’s capsule & collecting
duct

Question 4

medulla (location rhymes)

Answer 4

Location: middle of kidney MEDULLA MIDDLE
Function: contains renal pyramids

Question 5

renal pyramids

Answer 5

Location: within medulla
Function: secretion

Question 6

pelvis

Answer 6

Location: middle of kidney
Function: collect urine from major calyce

Question 7

major calyx

Answer 7

Location: pelvis of kidney collection of minor
calyces
Function: receives urine from minor calyces

Question 8

minor

Answer 8

Location: tube at end of pyramids
Functions: receive urine from papillae of pyramids

Question 9

capsule

Answer 9

Location: surrounding kidney
Functions: protection

Question 10

ureters

Answer 10

Location: out of pelvis of kidney
Function: leads from each kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 11

Urethra

Answer 11

Location: below pubic bone & after bladder
Function: Connects the urinary bladder to the outside world

Question 12

proximal convoluted
tubule function

Answer 12

Function: reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water

Question 13

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 13

Function: secretion

Question 14

collecting duct

Answer 14

Function: fine tuning of K & H & regulate blood levels

Question 15

cystitis vs cystocele

Answer 15

frequency of urination, pain, pyuria, bladder inflammation vs. bladder out vagina

Question 16

Nephron function

Answer 16

site of blood filtration and urine production

Question 17

Bowman’s Capsule function

Answer 17

Bowman’s capsule also has a structural function and creates a urinary space through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 18

Stomach Function

Answer 18

food churn (peristalsis), HCl to break down food, pepsinogen,
mucous/alkaline lining

Question 19

large intestine function

Answer 19

(colon) – remove water & compact indigestible materials - * parts –
cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum

Question 20

liver function

Answer 20

synthesize plasma proteins, store glycogen & iron, bile, detoxify blood

Question 21

pancreas function

Answer 21

secretin (sodium bicarbonate), insulin hormone to regulate blood sugar

Question 22

jaundice symptoms, causes, and pain location

Answer 22

Symptoms: yellow skin & sclera, itching Cause: caused by issue w/ liver, gallbladder, or pancreas
Pain: None

Question 23

appendicitis symptoms, causes, and pain location

Answer 23

Symptoms: fever, vomiting,
diarrhea or constipation.
loss of appetite.

Cause: caused by infection in digestive tract or stool blocking opening inside appendix

Pain: pain starts around navel toward lower R quadrant

Question 24

peritonitis symptoms, causes, and pain location

Answer 24

Symptoms: bloating, nausea, or vomiting, chills, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal guarding or fluid in the abdomen

Cause: inflamed peritoneum caused by burst appendix

Pain: severe belly pain, nausea, fever

Question 25

gallstones symptoms, causes, and pain location

Answer 25

Symptoms: Intense abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and potentially serious complications Cause: caused by high cholesterol or bilirubin from liver/ when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, the digestive enzymes in the liver Pain: epigastric, low back, right shoulder/blades pain

Question 26

diverticulitis symptoms, causes, and pain location

Answer 26

Symptoms nausea, vomiting, fever, caused by pouches or sacs Cause: form in intestinal lining becoming inflamed Pain: lower left quadrant pain

Question 27

heartburn symptoms, causes, and pain location

Answer 27

Sympotims: Symptoms: Pain in the chest Cause: pyloric sphincter into esophagus = acid reflux caused by overweight, pregnancy, stress, anxiety, smoking, hormones, acidic or spicy foods/ Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus Pain: sharp, burning pain by breastbone or ribs – caused by stomach acid from

Question 28

Two types of digestion

Answer 28

Mechanical Chemical

Question 29

Pairs of salivary glands

Answer 29

3 pairs of salivary glands

Question 30

3 parts of small intestines and which part connects to the cecum

Answer 30

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (connects to cecum)

Question 31

Order of Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum

Answer 31

Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum

Question 32

peristalsis

Answer 32

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward

Question 33

INTERNAL urethral sphincter and INTERNAL anal sphincter Voluntary or Involuntary?

Answer 33

Involuntary

Question 34

EXTERNAL urethral sphincters and EXTERNAL anal sphincter Voluntary or Involuntary?

Answer 34

Voluntary