Urinary Elimination : Info from Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker - E-Book – Sheila A. Sorrentino, Leighann Remmert, Mary J. Wilk, Rosemary Newmaster

Question 1

NPO means

Answer 1

Nothing by mouth

Question 2

Blood in the urine is called

Answer 2

hematuria

Question 3

When there is blood in the urine that can’t be seen it is called…

Answer 3

occult blood

Question 4

A compound formed from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy that is excreted from the lungs.

Answer 4

acetone

Question 5

Painful or difficult urination

Answer 5

dysuria

Question 6

Urinary incontinence caused by physical conditions or environmental barriers that prevent the client from reaching the toilet in time.

Answer 6

functionary incontinence

Question 7

Sugar in the urine.

Answer 7

glucosuria

Question 8

An artificial bladder made out of a section of the ileum. Urine drains from the ureters into this newly created artificial bladder and then through the client’s stoma.

Answer 8

ileal conduit

Question 9

A catheter that is inserted into the bladder through the urinary meatus and urethra so urine drains constantly into a drainage bag. Also known as a Foley or retention catheter .

Answer 9

indwelling catheter

aka retention catheter

Question 10

A by-product of fatty acid metabolism. This development occurs primarily in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, starvation, and high-protein and low-carbohydrate diets.

Answer 10

ketones

Question 11

The need to urinate during the night.

Answer 11

nocturia

Question 12

Scant amount of urine, usually less than 500 ml in 24 hours.

Answer 12

oliguria

Question 13

The surgical creation of an artificial opening.

Answer 13

ostomy

Question 14

The leaking of urine when the bladder is too full.

Answer 14

overflow incontinence

Question 15

The loss of urine at predictable intervals.

Answer 15

reflex incontinence

Question 16

A catheter that is inserted to drain the bladder and is then removed.

Answer 16

straight catheter

Question 17

The leaking of urine during exercise and certain movements.

Answer 17

stress incontinence

Question 18

A catheter that is surgically inserted into the bladder through the abdomen.

Answer 18

suprapubic catheter

Question 19

An artificial opening between the ureter and the abdomen.

Answer 19

ureterostomy

Question 20

The loss of urine in response to a sudden, urgent need to void.r

Answer 20

urge incontinence

Question 21

The need to urinate at frequent intervals.

Answer 21

urinary frequency

Question 22

The inability to control the passage of urine from the bladder; the loss of bladder control.

Answer 22

urinary incontinence

Question 23

The need to void immediately.

Answer 23

urinary urgency

Question 24

Change gloves between procedures on the same client, as the gloves may be contaminated. For example, change gloves after perineal care and before cleaning an indwelling catheter.
T or F

Answer 24

True

Question 25

How many ml of urine does a healthy adult excrete daily?

Answer 25

1500mL

Question 26

Urination, micturition, and voiding all mean the process of emptying urine from the bladder. T or F

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What factors affect urination?

Answer 27

age, disease, the amount and kinds of fluid ingested, dietary salt, and medications, some substances such as coffee, tea, alcohol, and some medications increase urine production. A diet high in salt causes the body to retain water; when water is retained, less urine is produced.

Question 28

Frequency of urination is affected by:

Answer 28

The amount of fluid intake, personal habits, and available toilet facilities, as well as activity, work, and illness

Question 29

All people void every 2-3 hours. | T or F

Answer 29

False | Some people void every 2 to 3 hours, and some others void less frequently.

Question 30

When do people usually void?

Answer 30

at bedtime after getting up before meals

Question 31

In continence is a normal part of aging. | T or F

Answer 31

False

Question 32

To ensure privacy, you should

Answer 32

Pull the curtain around the bed, close room and bathroom doors, and pull drapes or window shades. Leave the room if the client can be left alone. Tell the client that running water, flushing of the toilet, or sounds from the TV or radio would mask urination sounds. This would help ease the discomfort of clients who feel embarrassed about voiding with others close by.

Question 33

Urine should be observed for

Answer 33

colour, clarity, odour, amount, and particles.

Question 34

The production of abnormally large amounts of urine.

Answer 34

polyuria Caused by medications, excessive fluid intake, diabetes, hormone imbalance

Question 35

You can lightly dust the bedpan rim with talcum powder. | T or F

Answer 35

True | With your supervisor's permission, if there is no need to take a urine specimen.

Question 36

A pan that has a thinner rim and is only about 1 cm deep at one end,

Answer 36

A fracture pan —commonly called a slipper pan

Question 37

Fracture pans are used by

Answer 37

* Clients in casts * Clients in traction * Clients with limited back motion * Clients with fragile bones or painful joints * Clients who have had a hip fracture

Question 38

Placing a small amount of water in the commode container will allow for easier cleaning after use. T or F

Answer 38

True | Only if a specimen is not required.

Question 39

Failure to promptly change wet linens is considered a form of neglect. T or F

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Incontinence pads are placed over the bottom sheet from the client’s waist to mid-thigh. T or F

Answer 40

False | Incontinence pads are placed over the bottom sheet from the client’s head to mid-thigh.

Question 41

Catheters are used ...

Answer 41

- before, during, and after surgery to keep the bladder empty. - to allow hourly urinary output measurements in clients with critical illnesses. - as the last resort for managing incontinence - when clients are extremely weak or have disabilities and are unable to use the bedpan, commode, or toilet

Question 42

Keep the drainage bag above the level of the bladder to prevent urine from flowing backward into the bladder. T or F

Answer 42

False | keep it below

Question 43

You can attach the drainage bag to the bed rail. | T or F

Answer 43

False | as it may cause the bag to be higher than the bladder.

Question 44

When clients have a catheter, immediately report any complaints of ...

Answer 44

pain, burning, urge to urinate, or irritation. Also report the colour, clarity, and odour of urine and the presence of particles.

Question 45

To clean a catheter you should ...

Answer 45

Hold the catheter near the meatus (insertion point). Clean the catheter starting at the meatus and moving down about 10 cm.

Question 46

When measuring urine output, holding the measuring cup in the air will result in accurate measurements. T or F

Answer 46

False Place the see-through graduated cup or measuring cup on a flat surface to read the urine measurement. Try to read the measurement by looking at it as close to eye level as possible. Holding the measuring cup in the air will result in inaccurate measurements.

Question 47

Drainage bags are emptied, according to the care plan. Usually this task is completed:

Answer 47

* At the end of each shift * When replacing a leg bag with a drainage bag * When replacing a drainage bag with a leg bag * When a leg bag is becoming full

Question 48

What type of tape should be used to secure a condo catheter?

Answer 48

Elastic tape secures the catheter in place. The elastic tape expands according to changes in penis size, which allows blood flow to the penis. Never use adhesive tape to secure condom catheters. Since adhesive tape does not expand, blood flow to the penis would be cut off, harming the penis.

Question 49

The purpose of bladder training is to

Answer 49

regain voluntary control of urination from the bladder. After having an indwelling catheter for some time, they may have lost muscle tone in the bladder and the bladder may no longer be able to stretch sufficiently to hold urine.

Question 50

This urine specimen is collected for a urinalysis. No special measures are needed, and the specimen is collected at any time. It is called a

Answer 50

random urine specimen

Question 51

The perineal area is cleaned before collecting the specimen. This reduces the number of microbes in the urethral area. The client starts to void into the toilet, bedpan, urinal, or commode. Then the stream is stopped, and a sterile specimen container is held in position. The client voids into the container until the required amount of specimen is obtained. This is called

Answer 51

midstream specimen aka clean-voided specimen or a clean-catch specimen

Question 52

How is a 24 hours urine specimen collected

Answer 52

To start the collection, the client voids, and this first voiding is discarded. All urine voided during the following 24-hour period is collected . The collected urine is kept chilled on ice or refrigerated during the collection period to prevent the growth of microbes. A preservative is added to the collection container for some tests.

Question 53

PSWs may perform simple urine tests such as

Answer 53

measuring pH, glucose, ketones, and blood—using reagent strips. Straining urine for stones is another simple test.

Question 54

Ketones may appear in urine of a diabetic client because

Answer 54

of the rapid breakdown of fat for energy, which happens when the body cannot use sugar.

Question 55

Stones can develop in

Answer 55

the kidneys, ureters, or bladder.

Question 56

Stones are also called

Answer 56

calculi

Question 57

an artificial opening between the ureter and the abdomen.

Answer 57

ureterostomy

Question 58

an artificial bladder is fashioned out of a section of the ileum, and urine drains from the ureters into the newly created artificial bladder and then through the stoma.

Answer 58

ileal conduit

Question 59

Urine normally appears pale yellow, straw coloured, or amber and is clear with no particles. A faint odour is normal. T or F

Answer 59

True