Urinary incontinence

Question 1

What percentage of long-term care residents are affected by urinary incontinence?
A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Answer 1

C) 70%

Question 2

Urinary incontinence is more prevalent in:
A) Men
B) Women
C) Equal in men and women after age 60
D) More common in men after age 80

Answer 2

Answer: B) Women

Question 3

Which of the following is a common risk factor for urinary incontinence in the older adult?
A) Age
B) Obesity
C) Diabetes
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D) All of the above

Question 4

Stress incontinence** is most commonly caused by:
A) Detrusor overactivity
B) Weakness in pelvic floor muscles
C) Bladder outlet obstruction
D) Neurogenic disorders

Answer 4

B) Weakness in pelvic floor muscles

Question 5

Which of the following is a contributing factor to urge incontinence?
A) Central nervous system lesions
B) Weak sphincter control
C) Physical activity
D) Laughing or sneezing

Answer 5

A) Central nervous system lesions

Question 6

Which medication is most commonly prescribed for treating urge incontinence?
A) Oxybutynin
B) Ibuprofen
C) Lisinopril
D) Amlodipine

Answer 6

A) Oxybutynin

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for urinary incontinence?
A) Diabetes
B) Dementia
C) Depression
D) Adequate hydration

Answer 7

D) Adequate hydration

Question 7

Mixed incontinence** involves:
A) Overflow and urge incontinence
B) Stress and overflow incontinence
C) Stress and urge incontinence
D) Functional and stress incontinence

Answer 7

C) Stress and urge incontinence

Question 8

Which of the following is a common side effect of antimuscarinic agents used to treat incontinence?
A) Dry mouth
B) Increased urinary frequency
C) Muscle spasms
D) Blurred vision

Answer 8

A) Dry mouth

Question 9

Which of the following should be avoided in patients with glaucoma?
A) Beta-blockers
B) Antimuscarinic agents
C) Loop diuretics
D) ACE inhibitors

Answer 9

B) Antimuscarinic agents

Question 10

What is the main mechanism behind urge incontinence?
A) Weak pelvic floor muscles
B) Impaired bladder emptying
C) Detrusor overactivity
D) Urethral obstruction

Answer 10

C) Detrusor overactivity

Question 11

Bladder training** includes:
A) Encouraging patients to use the bathroom every 4-6 hours
B) Performing frequent voluntary voiding
C) Encouraging patients to urinate immediately after an urge
D) Reducing fluid intake throughout the day

Answer 11

B) Performing frequent voluntary voiding

Question 12

What is the primary symptom of stress incontinence?
A) Sudden urge to urinate
B) Leakage with coughing or sneezing
C) Nocturia
D) Continuous leakage throughout the day

Answer 12

B) Leakage with coughing or sneezing

Question 13

The first step in managing urinary incontinence in older adults is:
A) Behavioral therapy
B) Surgery
C) Medication
D) Lifestyle modification

Answer 13

D) Lifestyle modification

Question 14

Which class of medication commonly worsens urinary incontinence?
A) Antihistamines
B) ACE inhibitors
C) NSAIDs
D) Alpha-blockers

Answer 14

D) Alpha-blockers

Question 15

Which of the following diagnostic tests is useful in evaluating urinary incontinence?
A) Blood glucose levels
B) Bladder scan for post-void residual
C) Electrocardiogram
D) Chest X-ray

Answer 15

B) Bladder scan for post-void residual

Question 16

Pelvic muscle exercises** (Kegels) are most effective for treating:
A) Stress incontinence
B) Overflow incontinence
C) Functional incontinence
D) Urge incontinence

Answer 16

A) Stress incontinence

Question 17

. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of antimuscarinic agents?
A) Urinary retention
B) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
D) Chronic heart failure

Answer 17

A) Urinary retention

Question 18

Nocturia** is defined as:
A) Frequent urination during the day
B) Output of more than 33% of total urine during nighttime hours
C) Waking up twice during the night to urinate
D) Frequent urination following the intake of fluids

Answer 18

B) Output of more than 33% of total urine during nighttime hours

Question 19

What is the first-line treatment for stress incontinence?
A) Surgery
B) Kegel exercises
C) Oxybutynin
D) Antidepressants

Answer 19

B) Kegel exercises

Question 20

Which of the following conditions increases the risk of urinary incontinence?
A) Hypertension
B) Chronic cough
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Cataracts

Answer 20

B) Chronic cough

Question 21

Which of the following lifestyle modifications can help manage urinary incontinence?
A) Decreasing caffeine intake
B) Increasing fluid intake at night
C) Avoiding all exercise
D) Taking diuretics in the evening

Answer 21

A) Decreasing caffeine intake

Question 22

Mirabegron** is a treatment option for:
A) Stress incontinence
B) Urge incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Mixed incontinence

Answer 22

B) Urge incontinence

Question 23

Which procedure can be used to treat urinary incontinence when other therapies fail?
A) Vaginal estrogen therapy
B) Botox injections
C) Antibiotic therapy
D) Antihypertensive medication

Answer 23

Answer: B) Botox injections

Question 24

What type of **urinary incontinence** occurs when bladder muscles contract inappropriately? A) Stress incontinence B) Overflow incontinence C) Urge incontinence D) Functional incontinence

Answer 24

C) Urge incontinence

Question 25

What is a **common symptom** of overflow incontinence? A) Sudden urge to urinate B) Continuous dribbling of urine C) Leakage when sneezing or coughing D) Painful urination

Answer 25

B) Continuous dribbling of urine

Question 26

Which of the following medications is commonly associated with **worsening** urinary incontinence? A) Antidepressants B) Beta-blockers C) Diuretics D) Antibiotics

Answer 26

C) Diuretics

Question 27

Behavioral therapy** for managing urinary incontinence includes: A) Fluid restriction during the day B) Immediate voiding when feeling an urge C) Timed voiding schedules D) Avoiding physical activity

Answer 27

C) Timed voiding schedules

Question 28

Catheterization** is most appropriate for treating: A) Stress incontinence B) Urge incontinence C) Overflow incontinence due to bladder retention D) Mixed incontinence

Answer 28

C) Overflow incontinence due to bladder retention

Question 29

Functional incontinence** occurs when: A) The bladder muscles contract involuntarily B) There is an obstruction in the urinary tract C) A person is physically unable to reach the bathroom in time D) The pelvic floor muscles weaken

Answer 29

C) A person is physically unable to reach the bathroom in time

Question 30

Which of the following should be **monitored** in patients on **Mirabegron** for urinary incontinence? A) Blood pressure B) Glucose levels C) Hemoglobin D) Liver function tests

Answer 30

A) Blood pressure

Question 31

Post-void residual** (PVR) testing is used to evaluate: A) Bladder capacity B) Amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding C) Strength of bladder contractions D) Urinary flow rate

Answer 31

B) Amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding

Question 32

The **stepwise approach** to treating urinary incontinence starts with: A) Surgery B) Medication C) Behavioral modifications D) Injections

Answer 32

C) Behavioral modifications

Question 33

Estrogen therapy** is most beneficial for treating incontinence caused by: A) Urge incontinence B) Stress incontinence C) Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy D) Overflow incontinence

Answer 33

C) Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy

Question 34

Bladder retraining** aims to: A) Increase the bladder’s storage capacity B) Encourage patients to void as often as possible C) Limit fluid intake to reduce voiding frequency D) Eliminate nocturia by increasing bladder sensitivity

Answer 34

A) Increase the bladder’s storage capacity

Question 35

Which of the following conditions is a **risk factor** for urinary incontinence in older adults? A) Hypertension B) Arthritis C) Diabetes D) All of the above

Answer 35

D) All of the above

Question 36

Pelvic floor muscle exercises** (Kegels) are most effective for treating: A) Overflow incontinence B) Stress incontinence C) Functional incontinence D) Urge incontinence

Answer 36

B) Stress incontinence

Question 37

Oxybutynin**, an antimuscarinic agent, is primarily used to treat: A) Functional incontinence B) Stress incontinence C) Urge incontinence D) Overflow incontinence

Answer 37

C) Urge incontinence

Question 38

Which **lifestyle modification** is most recommended for managing urinary incontinence? A) Increasing fluid intake before bedtime B) Weight loss and avoiding bladder irritants C) Restricting physical activity D) Using diuretics to increase urination frequency

Answer 38

B) Weight loss and avoiding bladder irritants

Question 39

Which type of urinary incontinence is most commonly associated with **sneezing, coughing, or physical activity**? A) Urge incontinence B) Overflow incontinence C) Stress incontinence D) Functional incontinence

Answer 39

C) Stress incontinence