Urinary Review Flashcards
What is another name for triple phosphate crystals?
a. struvite
b. calcium carbonate
c. amorphous phosphate
d. calcium oxalate
A - “coffin lids” found in alkaline urine caused by UTIs in dogs
A 6 y/o dog is unable to urinate and has a history of disk disease. Upon palpation, the bladder is firm and hard to express. Mechanical obstruction was ruled out.
What type of motor neuron bladder is this? What drugs might help?
UMN
Prazosin
(+ Phenoxybenzamine, Tansulosin, Diazepam)
A 4 y/o MN DSH presents with LUT signs. He has been diagnosed with a urinary obstruction. No mechanical obstructions where noted, but he is still straining.
What medications can help?
IDIOPATHIC FELINE CYSTITIS, most commonly caused by some type of stress
- Prazosin or Phenoxybenzamine (alpha blockers)
- Diazepam - skeletal muscle relaxation
- Gabapentin - decrease stress and pain
A 4/o MN DSH has been obstructed for 5 days and recently has been unobstructed and put on Prazosin. He is now no longer urinating, has large residual volumes, has a flaccid bladder that is easy to express.
What medication might help?
5 days obstruction = detrusor atony!
- Bethanechol
Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for detrusor atony?
a. Bethanechol
b. Diazepam
c. Methocarbamol
d. Phenoxybenzamine
e. Phenylpropanolamine
A
A 3 y/o FS Lab mix presents for urinary incontinence. She was spayed at 1 year of age. She has been leaking at night and when laying down only. When outside, she urinates normally.
What is the likely diagnosis and what medications could help?
urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence
- Proin (Phenylpropanolamine)
- estrogen supplementation (DES, estradiol)
In the cat, SQ administration of human recombinant EPO might be indicated as adjunctive therapy in the management of which of the following conditions?
a. blood loss anemia
b. hemolytic anemia
c. nonregenerative anemia
d. polycythemia vera
e. thrombocytopenia
C
- CKD
- may cause an autoreaction; Varenzin-CA1 (molidustat) approved for cats is less likely to cause this
In cats with LUTD, which of the following are the chemical compositions of the 2 most commonly found uroliths?
a. calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate
b. calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate
c. calcium oxalate and uric acid
d. cystine and calcium phosphate
e. urate and magnesium ammonium phosphate
B
A 13.2 lb (6 kg) cat is 8% dehydrated. Assuming a maintenance fluid rate of 60 mL/kg/day, what is the total volume of fluid that should be administered in the first 24 hrs to correct the dehydration and provide for ongoing losses?
a. 360 mL
b. 480 mL
c. 840 mL
d. 1200 mL
e. 1560 mL
C
DEFECIT = 0.08 x 6 kg = 0.480 L = 480 mL/day
MAINTENANCE = (60 mL/kg/day) x 6 kg = 360 mL/day
480 + 360 = 840 mL/day
A 13 y/o FS Lhasa Apso with chronic renal failure is brought in for reevaulation. The dog has been treated for the past 6 months with a salt/phosphorus/protein-restructed diet, oral phosphate binders, an H2 antagonist, and iron, as well as SQ human recombinant EPO. The dog has recently become more lethargic and depressed. Findings oh physical examination are unremarkable. PCV has decreased from 31% to 9%. Renal parameters have not changed. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
a. discontinue EPO
b. discontinue ferrous sulfate
c. discontinue H2 antagonist
d. increase EPO dose
e. increase ferrous sulfate dose
f. increase H2 antagonist dose
A
anemia is likely the result of autoantibody production and targeting of canine RBC
A 10 y/o MN Jack Russel Terrier is being evaluated because of a 3 week history of straining to urinate. The client reports that the dog passes only small amounts of urine and sometimes the urine is bloody. On PE, the dog resents palpation of the caudal abdomen. Rectal examination detects no abnormalities of prostate gland. An image obtained on cystography is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. benign prostatic hyperplasia
b. blood clot
c. pyelonephritis
d. struvite calculus
e. transitional cell carcinoma
E
most common in the trigone, where the filling defect is seen + is consistent with age
You diagnose a dog with ascites and hypoalbuminemia. What test would best help in discriminating between PLN and PLE?
a. urine protein dipstick
b. serum globulin concentration
c. UPC
d. bile acids test
C
A 6 y/o MN mixed breed dog presents for a routine wellness examination. CBC and chemistry were unremarkable. Proteinuria was detected with an inactive sediment on UA and UPC was 1.2. What is he best next step?
a. prescribe ACE inhibitor
b. start a low-protein diet
c. perform a 4DX snap test
d. prescribe enrofloxacin
C
A dog presents with ascites, hypoalbuminemia, and UPC of 3.8. Which of the following differentials is most likely?
a. renal tubular acidosis
b. leptospirosis
c. lyme nephritis
d. grape toxicosis
C
Aspirin or Clopidogrel are recommended for dogs with PLN because….
a. help with pain from edema
b. reduce protein loss from the kidneys
c. prevent clot formation
d. aid to reduce fever
C
