Urinary system

Question 1

function urinary system

Answer 1

excretory system, maintain homeostasis

Question 2

positive feedback

Answer 2

intensifies change ie oxytocin contraction

Question 3

osmoregulation

Answer 3

regulates solute concentration and balances gain/loss water ie desert/marine animals face environment that can deplete body water

Question 4

osmolarity

Answer 4

solute concentration determines mvt of water across selectivity permeable membrane

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

diffusion of water accross semipermeable membrane from more dilute to less dilute

Question 6

tonicity

Answer 6

ability solution change volume by osmosis

Question 7

what happens to cell in hypotonic

Answer 7

cell expands: lysed

Question 8

what are osmoconfromers and examples

Answer 8

osmolarity body fluids=sea: isotonic ie shark and marine invertebrates

Question 9

osmoregulators

Answer 9

constant blood osmolarity

Question 10

what does osmoregulators have oftened developped

Answer 10

mechanisms to cope with water balance

Question 11

what do osmoregulators-freshwatre vertebrates do in hypertonic solution

Answer 11

adapted to rpevent water form enetring and transport ions back into their bodies

Question 12

what do osmoregulators-marine vertebrates do in hypotonic solution

Answer 12

retain wtare by drinking seawater and eliminating excess ions through kidneys and gills

Question 13

Osmoregulatory organs

Answer 13

• protonephridia: tubules in flatworm that extends in flame cells where cilia draws fluid
• Nephridia: tubules open inside outside
• Malpighian tubules: extension digestive tract in insects where tubules collect water and waste from circulatory system
• vertebrate kidneys: glomerulus filters blood, filtrate, waste products

Question 14

kidneys made of waht and how many

Answer 14

nephrons, 1 million in 1 human kidney

Question 15

Are marine vertebrates fluids hypo or hyper tonic

Answer 15

hypo so drink watre and ions transport by kidneys

Question 16

are freshwater vertebrates and amphibians fluids hyper or hypo tonic

Answer 16

hypertonic so prevent watre enter by avoid drinking water and reabsorb ions across kidney tubules

Question 17

marine vs terrestrial reptile kidney

Answer 17

marine reptile: excrete isotonic urine and salt (by salt glands)
terrestrial reptile: reabsorb salt and water in kidneys

Question 18

meaning longer loop of henle

Answer 18

more water reabsorbtion

Question 19

mammals and birds excrete and retain what

Answer 19

excrete concentrated urine and retain water

Question 20

from where does kidney receive blood

Answer 20

renal artery

Question 21

how does kidney maintian homeostasis (electrolyte and acid/base balance)

Answer 21

filtering blood, excreting urine

Question 22

kidney regulates what hormones

Answer 22

ADH and aldopsterone

Question 23

kidney syntehsizes which vitamin

Answer 23

D

Question 24

3 (4)functions kidney

Answer 24

filtration: blood filtered out of glomerulus in tubule system
reabsorbtion: mvt solutes in blood
secretion: mvt substances

Excretion: nitrogenous wastes, excess K+,H

+ see paper

Question 25

organs urinary system

Answer 25

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 26

internal structure of kidney

Answer 26

renal cortex and renal medulla (medullary pyramids and renal columns)

Question 27

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback mechanism 4 steps

Answer 27

1-drop blood pressure near glomerulus cause release enzyme renin
2-renin triggers formation peptide angiotensin II
3-Angiotensin II raises blood pressure and decrease blood flow to kidneys
4-release aldosterone increasing blood volume/pressure

Question 28

countercurrent (positive feedback)

Answer 28

?

Question 29

what makes conducting duct more permeable to water

Answer 29

ADH

Question 30

dehydration triggers what

Answer 30

release of ADH which helps conserve water