Urinary System

Question 1

What are the layers of the kidney

Answer 1

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

Question 2

What is in the renal cortex

Answer 2

Glomeruli
PCT
DCT

Question 3

What is a medullary ray

Answer 3

A collection of loop of Henle’s and collecting ducts that originate from the nephrons that have the renal corpuscle in the outer part of the cortex

Question 4

Are there glomeruli in the renal medulla

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What is the glomerulus supported by

Answer 5

Mesangial cells

Question 6

What’s surrounds the glomerulus

Answer 6

Bowmans capsule

Question 7

What is the basement membrane of the glomerulus lined by

Answer 7

Podocytes

Question 8

What stain highlights the glomerular basement membrane

Answer 8

Periodic acid shciff

Question 9

What do mesangial cells comprise

Answer 9

Smooth muscle

Question 10

 Does albumin get filtrated out of the capillary lumen

Answer 10

No it’s too large

Question 11

What is specific about the basement membrane of the glamorous

Answer 11

It’s a double basement membrane and it’s negatively charged

Question 12

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 12

Right next to the glomerulus

Question 13

What do granular cells do

Answer 13

Detect blood pressure and secrete renin at low blood pressures

Question 14

What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus contain

Answer 14

Granular cells and macula densa cells

Question 15

What is glomerular tubular feedback

Answer 15

Where the macula densa cells detect sodium concentrations and feedback to the afferent arteriole

Question 16

What is the proximal convoluted tubule lined by

Answer 16

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 17

What is the border of proximal convoluted tubule cells

Answer 17

A prominent brush border of microvilli

Question 18

What does the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb

Answer 18

2/3 of the sodium and potassium

Question 19

What is the histological difference between the thick and thin limb of the loop of Henle

Answer 19

Thin - simple squamous

Thick - cuboidal

Question 20

How can you recognise the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 20

There’s no microvilli and therefore no prominent brush border

Question 21

How does the distal convoluted tubule regulate acid base balance

Answer 21

It’s a secretes H+ and absorbs bicarbonate

Question 22

How does the distal convoluted tubule regulate sodium

Answer 22

Exchanges sodium for potassium via aldosterone

Question 23

What do the principle cells respond to

Answer 23

Aldosterone and ADH

Question 24

How does ADH increase water reabsorption

Answer 24

Increases aquaporin 2 channels in the apical membrane

Question 25

What do the intercalated cells do

Answer 25

Alpha cells secrete hydrogen ions and beta cells secrete by bicarbonate

Question 26

What level does the renal artery come off the abdominal aorta

Answer 26

L1

Question 27

What are the divisions of the renal artery

Answer 27

``` Anterior and Posterior Interlobar Arcuate Interlobular Afferent arteriole ```

Question 28

What is the renal pelvis lined by

Answer 28

Urothelium

Question 29

What does the renal pelvis do

Answer 29

Transports filtrate from nephron to ureter

Question 30

What is urothelium

Answer 30

A stratified epithelium that can stretch in 3 dimensions

Question 31

What cells are on the surface of urothelium

Answer 31

Umbrella cells

Question 32

How do umbrella cells prevent the passage of urine between them

Answer 32

They have tight intercellular junctions

Question 33

What is underneath the umbrella cells in the urothelium

Answer 33

Pseudostratified layer of polygonal cells

Question 34

What are the layers of muscle in the ureters

Answer 34

Inner longitudinal and outer circular

Question 35

What is the bladder lined by

Answer 35

Urothelium

Question 36

What creates a functional valve in the bladder

Answer 36

The world to find muscularis propria which the Ureta has to pass through to get to the bladder

Question 37

What is the proximal female urethra lined by

Answer 37

Transitional epithelium

Question 38

What is the distal female urethra lined by

Answer 38

Squamous epithelium

Question 39

What glands open to the female urethra

Answer 39

Paraurethral and periurethral

Question 40

What are the parts of the male urethra

Answer 40

Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Penile urethra

Question 41

What is the prostatic urethra line by

Answer 41

Urothelium

Question 42

What is the membranous urethra lined by

Answer 42

Urothelium

Question 43

What is the proximal penile urethra lined by

Answer 43

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 44

What is the distal penile urethra lined by

Answer 44

Stratified squamous epithelium