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Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating (filters blood)? #1

A
  1. Extracellular fluid compartment (plasma and intestinal fluid) which is the internal environment by forming a modified filtrate of plasma (urine)– kidneys filter good and bad
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2
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #2

A
  1. Plasma volume and therefore blood pressure (ctrls blood pressure and plasma vol; diuretic causes high vol urination)
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3
Q

What are the urinary system function that perform homeostasis by regulating? #3

A
  1. The concentration of waste products in the blood
    A. Metabolic: urea, uric acid, creatine
    B. foreign: water soluble drugs, toxins
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4
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #4

A
  1. the concentration of electrolytes (Na+, K+, HCO3-, etc)
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5
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #5

A
  1. The pH of plasma (H+) along with the lungs (works acidity)
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6
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #6

A
  1. The plasma concentration of glucose (glucose gets filtered; if not type 2 diabetes)
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7
Q

What are the urinary systems function that performs homeostasis by regulating? #7

A
  1. It is an endocrine gland: secretes Erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production- kidney)
    Eryth- red, poie- to build
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8
Q

What are the urinary functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #8

A
  1. Secretes the enzyme Renn: works in the Angiotensin/Aldosterone system which is another way to regulate blood volume and blood pressure
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8
Q

Ureter

A

From kidney to bladder

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9
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #9

A
  1. Activates vitamin d for a Ca++ balance
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10
Q

Urethra

A

From bladder to outside world

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11
Q

How many kidneys are there?

A

2

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12
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Retro- behind, peritoneum- lines abdominal cavity

Kidneys behind abdominal cavity; outside of peritoneal cavity (not much protection)

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13
Q

3 coverings of kidney

A

Renal capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia

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14
Q

Renal capsule

A

Fibrous capsule (dark area- outside)

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15
Q

Perinephric fat

A

Adipore capsule (yellow area) acts as cushion; directly around outside

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17
Q

Renal fascia

A

Thin, delicate tissue surrounds kidneys

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18
Q

Gross structures and layers of kidneys

A

Cortex, Medulla, and Sinus

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19
Q

Cortex

A

bark on tree; outer layer just inside the renal capsule (underneath)

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20
Q

What does the Cortex consists of?

A

Interlobular A&V, arcuate A&V, afferent arteroile (glomerulus), efferent arteriole (peritubular capillaries), renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerulus capsule), PCT, DCT, and collecting ducts

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21
Q

What does the Medulla (middle layer) consists of?

A

Renal pyramid, arcuate A&V, renal papilla, renal columns, interloblar A&V, vasa recta, nephron loop, and collecting ducts

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22
Q

Sinus

A

space in front of the renal pyramid

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23
Q

What does the Sinus consists of?

A

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, hilus, and renal A&V

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24
Q

Blood supply pathway

A

Aorta– renal artery– segmental artery– interlobar a.– arcuate a.– interlobular a.– afferent arteriole– glomerulus (capillary bed)– efferent arteroile– peritubular capillaries/vasa recta– interlobular vein– arcuate v.– interlobar v.– renal v.– inferior vena cava

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25
Renal Corpuscle
white; glomerulus capillary bed and glomerulus capsule (aka bowmans capsule, surrounds capillary bed)
26
vascular pole
where blood vessles enter and leave
27
nephron loop: descending and ascending limb
function unit of kidney (down then up); filters plasma to urine
28
DCT
distal convulted tubule; in the cortex and goes from the glomerulus to last lobe
29
Collecting duct
in cortex and medulla (collect urine)
30
glomerulus
capillaries, simple squamous epithelium/fenestrations (pores), podocyte
31
podocyte
wraps around, surrounds capillaries (cell over)
32
afferent arteriole
small artery, last branch before capillary bed; toward capillary bed
33
efferent arteriole
brings it out, away; peritubluar capillary-capillary bed around tubes
34
renal pyramid
widest part junction of medulla and cortex
35
renal columns
space between renal pyramids
36
Interlobar
lob- big lobe
37
interlobular
lobu- small lobe
38
minor calyx
little cup, funnel
39
renal papilla
tip of pyramid; empty into minor calyx
40
major calyx
2-3 minor calyx together
41
renal pelvis
beginning of ureter, combo of call calyx
42
hilus
structures enter or leave organ
43
PCT
proximal convulted tubule (convulted-twisted)
44
3 processes in the formations of urine
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion **excretion not a part of func**
45
filtration
fluid is filtered out of capillaries and into space inside glomerulus capsule
46
reabsorption
water, nutrients, salts are selectively returned to blood in capillaries adjacent to the tubules (most sodium absorbed; if not all glucose absorbed- form of diabetes)
47
secretion
excess H+, K+, and other substances from capillaries move into nephron wall then secreted into fluid inside the nephron (1-2 L of urine out for 180 L of h20/plasma)
48
Paths through kidney
RBC, glucose, and urea
49
Paths through kidney: RBC
(too large to be filtered, stay inside blood vessles) | glomerulus-- efferent glomerulus arteriole-- PCT-- interlobular vein-- arcuate v.-- interlobar v-- renal v
50
Paths through kidney: glucose
glomerulus-- glomerulus capillary-- PCT (rebsorb into PCT; peritubular capillary)
51
Paths through kidney: Urea (waste products)
glomerulus-- glomerulus capillary-- PCT-- nephron loop-- descend limb-- ascend limp-- DCT-- collecting duct-- minor calyx-- major calyx-- ureter-- bladder-- urethra
52
layers of ureter (muscle tube)
mucosa, transtional epithelium, muscularis, adventitia (tube goes from kidney to bladder)
53
mucosa
layer that lines lumen (hallow part)
54
transitional epithelium
1st part of urethra and it allows stretching; microscopic level
55
muscularis
smooth muscle; involuntary- creates parastolic waste (stones painful bc this is blocked)
56
adventitia
paratineum around outside
57
layers of bladder
mucosa, transitional epithelium, rugae, trigone, detrusor muscle, adventitia, internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter
58
rugae
increase vol (folds to allow to stretch)
59
trigone
triangle area where 2 ureter comes in (funnel urine out)
60
detrusor muscle
around bladder (smooth muscle)
61
internal urethral sphincter
exit of bladder; circular smooth muscle right at bladder (we dont control-involuntary)
62
external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle which is voluntary (why babies pee themselves bc dont know how to control)
63
urethra female
shorter; more prone to bladder infections
64
urethra male components
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra: urogenital diaphragm and external urethral sphincter, and corpus spongiosum
65
urethra male
8-9 inches long from bladder
66
prostatic urethra
in prostate gland
67
membranous urethra
in bladder (near bulbourethral gland)
68
corpus spongiosum
through penis
69
BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
when prostate gland contracts, leads to frequent urination (prostate gland grows, increase number of cells)

Anatomy (12 decks)

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