URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

URINARY SYSTEM is Consists of?

Answer 1

➔ Two kidneys
➔ Two ureters
➔ Bladder
➔ Urethra

Question 2

give the size, weight, shape and location of the kidney

Answer 2

❖ Size: 3 x 6 x 12 cm
❖ Weight: 130 g
❖ Shape: bean shaped
❖ Location: lie on the posterior abdominal wall; T12 – L3 vertebral level; right is slightly below than the left

Question 3

give the 3 muscles that is found on the posterior of the kidneys

Answer 3

Psos major
Quadratus lumborum
Tranversus abdominis

Question 4

external feature of the kidney that is a fibrous connective tissue

Answer 4

RENAL CAPSULE

Question 5

external feature of the kidney that is a fibroelastic connective tissue

Answer 5

RENAL FASCIA

Question 6

kidney structure that Transport oxygenated blood from the heart and aorta to kidneys for filtration

Answer 6

RENAL ARTERY

Question 7

Transport the filtered, deoxygenated blood from kidneys to the posterior vena cava and finally the heart

Answer 7

RENAL VEIN

Question 8

Outer membrane which encloses and protects kidneys against infections and trauma

Answer 8

RENAL CAPSULE

Question 9

Outer layer (granulated) of the kidney that contains most of the nephrons

Answer 9

RENAL CORTEX

Question 10

Physiological unit of the kidney used for filtration of blood, and reabsorption and secretion of materials. Most basic microscopic structures of the kidneys

Answer 10

NEPHRON

Question 11

how many nephrons does kidney contain?

Answer 11

about 1 million nephrons

Question 12

3 layers/ covering of the kidney from superficial to deep

Answer 12

RENAL CORTEX
RENAL MEDULLA
RENAL PELVIS

Question 13

Inner layer (radially striated) of the kidney. Site for salt, water, and urea absorption

Answer 13

RENAL MEDULLA

Question 14

Triangular shaped unit in the medulla
Houses the loop of henle and collecting duct of the nephron

Answer 14

RENAL PYRAMID

Question 15

Used as a space for blood vessels. Area between the pyramids, located in the medulla

Answer 15

RENAL COLUMN

Question 16

The tips of the renal pyramids. Release urine into the calyces

Answer 16

RENAL PAPILLAE

Question 17

Collecting sacs that surround the renal papillae. Transport urine from renal papillae to renal pelvis

Answer 17

RENAL CALYCES

Question 18

Tubes that transports urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Answer 18

URETER

Question 19

Functions as a temporary reservoir for urine. Hollow, expandable, muscular organ located in the pelvic girdle

Answer 19

URINARY BLADDER

Question 20

7 functions of the kidney (A WET BED)

Answer 20

❖ A – maintaining ACID-BASE balance
❖ W – maintain WATER balance
❖ E – ELECTROLYTE balance
❖ T – TOXIN removal
❖ B – BLOOD PRESSURE control
❖ E – making ERYTHROPOIETIN
❖ D – vitamin D metabolism

Question 21

2 types of nephrons

Answer 21

CORTICAL
JUXTAMEDULLARY

Question 22

type of nephron in which the loop of henle does not extend past the cortex of the kidney

Answer 22

CORTICAL

Question 23

Type of nephron in which the Loop of henle extends past the cortex and into the medulla of the kidney

Answer 23

JUXTAMEDULLARY

Question 24

2 types of arterioles

Answer 24

EFFERENT
AFFERENT

Question 25

an arteriole that Transport filtered blood from glomerulus through the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta

Answer 25

EFFERENT

Question 26

an arteriole that Transport arterial blood to glomerulus for filtration

Answer 26

AFFERENT

Question 27

Transport reabsorbed materials from the PCT (Proximal convoluted tubule) and DCT (Distal convoluted tubule) into the general circulation. Help complete the conservation process (reabsorption)

Answer 27

PERITUBULAR ARTERIES

Question 28

Renal blood flow Is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the renal artery and the renal vein, and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the renal vasculature (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

2 types of autoregulation mechanism

Answer 29

1. Myogenic 2. Tubuloglomerular

Question 30

a Feedback mechanism intrinsic to kidney and Keeps RBF and GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) relatively constant despite changes in arterial pressure. It Range from 70-160 mm of Hg

Answer 30

AUTOREGULATION

Question 31

Renal afferent arterioles contract in response to stretch. Thus, increased renal arterial pressure stretches the arterioles

Answer 31

MYOGENIC

Question 32

Increased renal arterial pressure leads to increased delivery of fluid to the macula densa. Links sodium and chloride concentration at the macula densa

Answer 32

TUBULOGLOMERULAR

Question 33

Secreted by heart muscle cells. Released by atrial myocytes in response to high increased pressure and volume. A Powerful vasodilator

Answer 33

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP)

Question 34

what are the effects of ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) to renal

Answer 34

❖Dilates afferent arteriole ❖ Constricts efferent arteriole ❖ Increases blood flow through vasa recta

Question 35

Specialized region of a nephron where the afferent arteriole and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) come in direct contact with each other

Answer 35

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Question 36

what are the 3 components of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 36

➔ Juxtaglomerular cells ➔ Macula densa cells ➔ Extraglomerular mesangial cells (Lacis cells)

Question 37

Modified smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole including renin.

Answer 37

JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS (JG)

Question 38

(Na+ sensors) of Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) which function as chemoreceptors to sense changes in the solute concentration and flow rate of filtrate

Answer 38

MACULA DENSA CELLS

Question 39

Forming connections via actin and microtubules which allow for selective vasoconstriction/vasodilation of the renal afferent and efferent arterioles

Answer 39

EXTRAGLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS (LACIS CELLS)

Question 40

a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance

Answer 40

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

Question 41

The RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE system is mainly comprised of these three hormones

Answer 41

renin angiotensin II aldosterone

Question 42

At plasma glucose concentrations greater than 350 mg/dL, the carriers are saturated. Therefore, increases in plasma concentration above 350 mg/dL do not result in increased rates of reabsorption (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

NA+ is freely filtered across the glomerular capillaries. It is reabsorbed along the entire nephron, and very little is excreted in urine (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

the following are true about the thick ascending loop of henle, except: a. 25% b. Impermeable to water c. NONE (All statements are true) d. Diluting segment e. Na-K-Cl channel

Answer 44

C. NONE (All statements are true)

Question 45

Stimulates NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb. Therefore, increases corticopapillary osmotic gradient

Answer 45

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH OR VASOPRESSIN)

Question 46

used as a method of estimating GFR (GROWTH FILTRATION RATE)

Answer 46

Cockcroft-gault formula

Question 47

what is the GFR (GROWTH FILTRATION RATE) formula for men and women?

Answer 47

➔ GFR men = [(140-age) x weight] (sr. cr x 72) ➔ GFR women = [(140-age) x weight x 0.85] (sr. cr x 72)