Urinary System

Question 1

examples of waste that must be eliminated from the body

Answer 1

CO2, water, nitrogenous waste, urea, bile salts and other salts

Question 2

routes for elimination

Answer 2

respiratory, sweat, digestive system, urinary system

Question 3

most important function of urinary system

Answer 3

removes nearly all soluble waste from blood

Question 4

function of the kidneys

Answer 4

production of urine to eliminate waste, maintenance of homeostasis through blood filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 5

what hormones aid in fluid balance

Answer 5

antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone

Question 6

location of the kidneys

Answer 6

ventral to first lumbar vertebrae on either side

Question 7

what is the kidney surrounded by

Answer 7

perirenal fat

Question 8

what structure allows ureters, nerves, blood and lymph vessels to enter and leave the kidney

Answer 8

hilus

Question 9

funnel shaped area inside hilus

Answer 9

renal pelvis

Question 10

basic functional unit of the kidneys

Answer 10

nephron

Question 11

located in the renal cortex and filters blood in the first stages of urine production

Answer 11

renal corpuscle

Question 12

the glomerulus is surrounded by what

Answer 12

Bowman’s capsule

Question 13

continuation of the Bowman’s capsule where reabsorption and secretion occur

Answer 13

proximal convoluted tube

Question 14

the glomerular filtrate becomes…

Answer 14

tubular filtrate

Question 15

continuation from PCT descends in medulla makes a U-turn and heads back ti cortex

Answer 15

Loop of Henle

Question 16

continuation of ascending loop of Henle

Answer 16

distal convoluted tube

Question 17

what causes vasoconstriction and temporarily decreases urine function

Answer 17

sympathetic stimulation

Question 18

route of blood supply

Answer 18

renal artery—glomerular arterioles—renal corpuscle—glomerular capillaries filter out some plasma—nephrons

Question 19

renal cortex in on the _____ and the renal medulla is toward the ______

Answer 19

outer portion, middle portion

Question 20

where does blood filtration occur

Answer 20

renal corpuscle

Question 21

what useful substances are reabsorbed

Answer 21

sodium,potassium, calcium, magnesium, glucose, amino acids, chloride, bicarbonate, H2O

Question 22

process of sodium reabsorption

Answer 22

sodium—pumped out of cell into interstitial fluid—peritubular capillaries—loop of Henle—DCT

Question 23

what hormone prevents polyuria

Answer 23

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 24

what occurs when your blood pressure drops

Answer 24

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system responds

Question 25

tubes that exit the kidney to the bladder

Answer 25

ureters

Question 26

openings to the ureters

Answer 26

trigone

Question 27

3 layers of the ureters

Answer 27

outer fibrous layer, middle muscular layer, inner epithelial layer

Question 28

what happens to the openings when the bladder is full

Answer 28

they collapse

Question 29

organ that stores urine

Answer 29

urinary bladder

Question 30

what aids the bladder in stretching

Answer 30

transitional epithelium

Question 31

there are ____ around the neck of the bladder to provide voluntary control

Answer 31

sphincter muscles

Question 32

another name for urination

Answer 32

micturition

Question 33

carries urine to the outside of the body

Answer 33

urethra

Question 34

urethra is shorter and straighter and only carries urine

Answer 34

female urethra

Question 35

urethra is longer and curved and carries urine and semen

Answer 35

male urethra