urinary system Flashcards
what does the urinary system consist of
2 kidneys
urethra
urinary bladder
2 ureters
what are the functions of the kidney
to excrete waste products and produice urine
to help produce erythrocytes
to help maintain blood pressure
wher are the kidneys located
they are located either side of the vertebal colum below the diaphragm
desdribe the anatomy of the kidneys
outer capsule and under that is the renal cortex which is the layer below the capsule
there is the medulla
the helium is where blood and lymph vessels alongside the ureters and veins enter
how is blood involved in urine production
- blood is filtered to produce urine
what is the renal pelvis and calyx
the renal pelvis is formed by the merging of several major calyses
the minor calyx is where urine passes through
the renal pelvis nd the ccalyses are lined with epithilium to allow the urinary tract to expajnd and they also contrain smooth muscle which pushes urine forward towards the bladder
how much blood does the kidneys recieve
the kidneys recieve around 1.2L of blood from the heart per minute
what is the nephron
the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and lies in the cortex of the kidney
the nephron is closed at one end (bowmans capsule)
the nepron also consists of the proximal conculated tube, the loop of henle, and the distal convulated tube
describe the formation of the glomerulus
the renal arteries enter the kidney and subdivide into arterioles and the afferent arteriole wenters the capsule and subdivides into tiny cappillaries called the glomerulus
blood in the glomerulus leaves the owmans capsulke via efferent arteriole
give a short description on urine formation
it is produced by the kidneys and there are 3 ain processes involved in urine formation
filtration
slective reabsorption
secretion
where does filtration take place
it takes place in the glomerulus
what is glomerular filtration rater
that is the amount of filtrate produced by both kidneys per minute
what is autoregulation
this is the control of blood pressure in the glomerulus
if the systemic blood pressure rises then the efferent arterioles will constrict to protect the glomerular cappillaruies
what is selective reabsorption
selective reabsorption takes place in the PCT and substanes such as water, eletrolytes and nutrients are reabsorbed
where are water sodium and chloride reabsorbed
in the loop of henle
water is aso reabsorbed in the collecting ducts
