Urinary System

Question 1

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Regulation of: Blood ionic composition, blood pH, blood volume, blood glucose level
Enzymatic regulation of BP
maintenance of blood osmolarity
Production of hormones
Excretion of wastes and foreign substances

Question 2

Why is the right kidney lower?

Answer 2

Because of the liver

Question 3

How big are the kidneys?

Answer 3

10-12cm tall
5-7 cm wide
3cm thick

Question 4

What are the layers of the kidneys from superficial to deep?

Answer 4

Renal fascia, perirenal fat capsule, fibrous capsule

Question 5

What is the path of urine drainage?

Answer 5

Collecting duct - Papillary duct - Minor calyx - Major calyx - Renal pelvis - Ureter - Urinary bladder - Urethra

Question 6

What is the nephron and what does it do?

Answer 6

Produces urine
Filters blood
Functional unit of the kidney

Question 7

What is the order of arteries in the kidneys from biggest to smallest (opposite for veins)?

Answer 7

Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - cortical radiate artery

Question 8

What are the two main components of the nephron?

Answer 8

Renal tubule and renal corpuscle

Question 9

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 9

Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 10

what are the two components of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

Question 11

What type of tissue is the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule?

Answer 11

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

What is in between the visceral and parietal layers of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 12

Urinary/capsular space

Question 13

What is the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule made of?

Answer 13

Podocytes

Question 14

What is the blood filtration barrier?

Answer 14

1. Fenestrations (pores) of glomerular endothelial cells prevents blood from passing through but lets blood plasma components pass
2. Basal lamina of glomerulus: Prevents filtration of larger processes
3. Slit membrane between pedicels (feet-like parts of podocytes) prevents filtration of medium-sized proteins

Question 15

What is glomerular filtrate?

Answer 15

The fluid that enters the capsular space

Question 16

What do ureters do?

Answer 16

Transport pee from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 17

What are the three layers of the ureter from superficial to deep?

Answer 17

Adventitia, muscular layer, and mucosa

Question 18

What is adventitia?

Answer 18

Connective tissue

Question 19

What type of muscle is in the ureter?

Answer 19

Smooth muscle

Question 20

What is the mucosa in the ureter made of?

Answer 20

Epithelium (urothelium) and lamina propria

Question 21

What is the difference between the two renal tubules?

Answer 21

The proximal convoluted tubule comes straight from the renal corpuscle and goes to the descending loop of Henle while the distal convoluted tubule is the part that comes after the ascending loop of Henle and goes into the collecting duct

Question 22

Describe the flow of urine through the nephron

Answer 22

Renal corpuscle - proximal convoluted tubule - nephron loop - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct - papillary duct - renal papilla - minor calyx and on

Question 23

What are the layers of the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 23

Parietal layer
Urinary space
Visceral layer

Question 24

What does renin do?

Answer 24

When BP falls, it is secreted by the kidneys and it increases BP

Question 25

N/a

Question 26

What is the difference between the urethras of men vs women?

Answer 26

Five times longer in males than females Four segments in males but only one in females Common duct for the urinary and reproductive systems in males but the systems have separate ducts in females

Question 27

What is the effect of ageing on the urinary system?

Answer 27

Kidneys shrink and have decreased blood flow Kidney disease is more likely Dehydration is more common Urinary bladder reduces in size and capacity and muscles weaken UTIs are more common