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A+P Urinary system #1 > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of the urinary system

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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2
Q

4 main functions of kidney

A

blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion
fluid balance regulation
acid base balance regulation
horomone production

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3
Q

What is the name for when excess or more urine is formed

A

diuresis

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4
Q

What hormones maintain the fluid balance regulation in the body

A

ADH + Aldosterone

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5
Q

Are kidneys located within the abdominal cavity

A

no

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6
Q

In most domestic animals, which kidney is more caudal?

A

left + its usually more mobile

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7
Q

What enters the kidneys at the Hilus?

A

Ureter
Nerves
Blood + Lymph Vessels

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8
Q

What is the name of the urine collection chamber inside the Hilus

A

Renal Pelvis

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9
Q

What is the renal cortex

A

outer portion of the kidney

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10
Q

What is the name of the inner portion around the renal pelvis

A

renal medulla

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11
Q

What horomone does the kidneys secrete when BP drops

A

renin

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12
Q

What is renin

A

horomone produced by the kidney that will result in vasoconstriction
and the retention of sodium + water

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13
Q

where are the kidneys located

A

dorsal abdominal area ventral to / on either side of first few vertebrae
retroperitoneal to abdominal cavity

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14
Q

Calyx

A

cuplike extension of the renal pelvis into which the medullary pyramids fit​

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15
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidneys

A

nephron

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16
Q

What does each nephron consist of?

A

Renal corpuscle ​
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)​
Loop of Henle​
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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17
Q

where is the renal corpuscle located

A

in the renal cortex

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18
Q

What is the renal corpuscle’s function

A

filters blood in the first stage of urine production

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19
Q

Fluid filtered out of the blood by the renal corpuscle is called?

A

Glomerular filtrate 1st stage urine production

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20
Q

What is the Glomerular filtrate called after entering the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

A

tubular filtrate

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21
Q

where does the majority of tubular reabsorption occur

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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22
Q

what does the brush border do

A

increases the cellular surface area exposed to the fluid in the tubule (important for reabsorption + secretion )

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23
Q

What part of the nephron descends from the PCT into the medulla of the kidney and turns back up into the cortex

A

loop of henle

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24
Q

What part of the Loop of Henle does NOT have a brush border

A

bottom loop and Ascending loop of henle

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25
. What is the continuation of the ascending Loop of Henle called
Distal Convoluted tubule
26
All DCTs empty into what?
collecting ducts
27
where does the collecting duct empty?
renal pelvis
28
Where is the kidney nerve supply primarily from
Sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system
29
What artery does the renal artery branch off of
descending aorta
30
How often does all circulating blood go through the kidneys
every 4-5 mins
31
Afferent glomerular arterioles carry blood where
INTO the glomerular capillaries of the renal corpuscle
32
Efferent glomerular arterioles carry blood where
AWAY from the glomerular capillaries in the renal corpuscle.
33
What kind of blood enters and leaves glomerular capillaries
Oxygenated/arterial blood
34
Where does 02 tranfer to nephron cell take place
Peritubular capillaries
35
Where can you find the cleanest blood in the body
Renal vein
36
After the renal vein leaves the kidney, what vein does it join
Caudal Vena Cava
37
Descending loop of henle what kind of border
cuboidal epithelial cells similar to brush boarder of PCT
38
What do the collecting ducts do
Carry tubular filtrate into calyces​ Empty into renal pelvis​ Play an important role in urine volume​ Primary site of action of ADH and regulation of potassium and acid-base balance.
39
What are the 3 main ways the kidneys do their job?
filtration , reabsorption, secretion
40
What do the kidneys filter
blood
41
Where does filtration take place
renal corpuscle
42
What is the difference between glomerular filtrate and plasma?
glomerular filtrarte contains NO proteins
43
if damage occurs to the glomerulus, what could we see in a urinalysis
proteins or RBCs
44
What does GFR stand for? whats it mean?
Glomerular filtration rate how fast plasma is filtered through the glomerulus ml/min
45
What are some important substances in glomerular filtrate that get reabsorbed?
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, glucose, amino acids, chloride, bicarbonate, and water
46
Where does 65% of all tubular reabsorption take place?
PCT proximal convoluted tubule
47
Where are some other places that reabsorption takes place
loop of henle, DCT distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
48
What % of water, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate are reabsorbed?
80%
49
100% of what gets reabsorbed
glucose + amino acids
50
Where does secretion primarily take place?
Distal Convoluted tubule DCT
51
What are eliminated through secretions
Hydrogen, potassium, and ammonia some meds (penicillin + sulfonamides)
52
What does BUN stand for
blood , urea, nitrogen
53
What organ is the BUN level testing for
kidney
54
what do the hormones ADH and Aldosterone control
urine volume regulation
55
What would happen without the control of ADH
water will not be reabsorbed and will be lost in urine resulting in polyuria
56
The ureters leave what organ and enter what organ
leave the kidney and enter the urinary bladder
57
Why do ureters enter the bladder at an oblique angle
Allows opening of the ureters to collapse when the bladder is full, preventing back flow
58
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
collects, stores, releases
59
The neck of the bladder joins what structure
urethra
60
What are two names that mean “expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra
micturition or uresis
61
What gives the sensation of having to urinate
contraction of the bladder muscles
62
The urethra carries urine from where to where
urinary bladder to the outside environment​
63
The urethra is lined with what, allowing it to stretch
transitional epithelium
64
The female urethra differs from the male urethra how
shorter, straighter , larger diameter
65
the male urethra differs from the female urethra how
longer and curved
66
bladder muscles are under ______ control
voluntary
67
The kidneys are normally smooth except in what species
cattle (lobulated kidneys)
68
The bladder is lined with what kind of epithelial cells?
transitional epithelium
69
Up to what % of blood pumped by the heart goes to the kidneys
25%
70
The Specific Gravity of a urine sample is a reflection of its
urine concentration
71
Where does ADH exert it’s control over water reabsorption
Acts on DCT and collecting duct
72
What two ions can the kidney preserve or excrete to regulate the blood pH?
hydrogen and basic bicarbonate
73
Define Nephromalacia
abnormal softening or loss of firmness of the kidney tissue.
74
What species of animal normally has cloudy urine when it is passed?
rabbits
75
What is a renolith?
kidney stone. It is a mineral deposit formed in the kidney.
76
Define reabsorption.
glomerular filtrate contains waste products that need to be cleared from the body. Substances that need to be reabsorbed will pass between tubular epithelial cells. Substances to be reabsorbed then enter interstitial fluid and pass-through endothelium into peritubular capillaries.
77
The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in urine can be used as an indicator or damage to what part of the nephron
glomerular damage.
78
what is the Glomerulus?
The glomerulus is a “tuft” of capillaries.
79
How often is urine moved from the kidneys to the bladder?
The kidneys are continuously filtering blood and producing urine.

A+P Urinary system #1 (1 decks)

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