Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P Term 3 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the parts of the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the kidneys?

A
  • Blood filtration, reabsorption and secretion
  • Fluid balance regulation
  • Acid-base balance/regulation
  • Hormone production
  • Blood pressure regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is diuresis?

A

The term used when excess or more urine is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which hormones maintain fluid balance regulation in the body?

A

ADH and aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Retroperitoneal to the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which kidney is more caudal?

A

The left kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What enters the kidneys at the hilus?

A

The ureters, nerves and blood/lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the urine collection chamber inside the hilus called?

A

Renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the outer portion of the kidney called?

A

Renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the inner portion around the renal pelvis called?

A

Renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidneys?

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the components of a nephron?

A
  • Renal corpuscle
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

A

In the renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the fluid filtered out of the blood by the renal corpuscle called?

A

Glomerular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glomerular filtrate called when it enters the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Tubular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Loop of Henle do?

A

Descends from the PCT into the medulla, turns, and heads upward into the cortex

** the ascending loop wall Loop of Henle does not regain a brush border **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of the collecting ducts?

A
  • Carry tubular filtrate through medulla into calyces
  • Empty into renal pelvis
  • Play an important role in urine volume
  • Primary site of action of ADH and regulation of potassium and acid-base balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What primarily supplies the renal nerve?

A

Sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the renal artery branch from?

A

Descending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How often does all circulating blood go through the kidneys?

A

Every 4-5 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What carries blood into the glomerular capillaries?

A

Afferent glomerular arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do efferent glomerular arterioles divide to form?

A

Peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of blood enters and leaves the glomerular capillaries?

A

Oxygenated/arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does O2 transfer to the nephron occur?

A

In the peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the cleanest blood in the body?
Blood from the renal vein
26
What does the renal vein join after leaving the kidney?
Caudal vena cava
27
What are the main jobs of the kidneys?
* Filtration of blood * Reabsorption of useful substances back into the bloodstream * Secretion of waste products from the blood into the nephron tubules
28
What allows more fluid to leave the bloodstream in glomerular capillaries?
Large fenestrations in capillary endothelium
29
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
How fast plasma is filtered through the glomerulus
30
What are important substances in the glomerular filtrate that get reabsorbed?
* Sodium * Potassium * Calcium * Magnesium * Glucose * Amino acids * Chloride * Bicarbonate * Water
31
Where does 65% of all tubular resorption take place?
PCT
32
What percentage of water, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate are reabsorbed in the PCT?
80%
33
What percentage of glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed?
100%
34
Where can reabsorption take place aside from the PCT?
Loop of Henle, DCT, and Collecting Ducts
35
Where does secretion primarily occur?
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
36
What substances are eliminated by secretion?
* Hydrogen * Potassium * Ammonia * Some medications (e.g., penicillin and sulfonamides)
37
What does Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) test for?
Renal function
38
What does ADH do in relation to the DCT and collecting ducts?
Promotes water reabsorption
39
What happens if ADH control is absent?
Water will not be reabsorbed and will be lost in urine resulting in polyuria
40
What angle do the ureters enter the bladder?
Oblique angle
41
What prevents urine from backing up into the ureter when the bladder is full?
Collapsing of the ureter opening
42
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Collects, stores and releases urine
43
What does the neck of the bladder join?
Urethra
44
What is urination also known as?
Micturition or uresis
45
What activates the spinal reflex for urination?
Trigger point when bladder is full
46
What does the urethra carry?
Urine from the urinary bladder to the external environment
47
What type of epithelium lines the urethra?
Transitional epithelium
48
How does the female urethra compare to the male urethra?
Shorter and straighter than the long, curved male urethra
49
Where does the female urethra open?
Ventral portion of the vestibule of the vulva
50
Where does the male urethra run?
Down the center of the penis
51
What are the two parts of the urinary bladder?
* Muscular sac * Neck
52
What is unique about the kidneys of cattle?
They have lobulated kidneys
53
What does the bladder lining do as it fills with urine?
Stretches
54
What percentage of blood from the heart goes to the kidneys?
Up to 25%
55
What does specific gravity of urine reflect?
The urine’s concentration
56
What regulates urine volume?
Actions of ADH and aldosterone
57
What is nephromalacia?
Abnormal softening or loss of firmness of the kidney tissue
58
What is a renolith?
A kidney stone formed from mineral deposits
59
How are substances reabsorbed during the reabsorption process?
They pass between tubular epithelial cells, enter interstitial fluid, and pass through endothelium into peritubular capillaries
60
What indicates glomerular damage in urine?
Presence of abnormal amounts of protein or RBCs
61
What type of control do the sphincters that control urination have?
Voluntary control
62
What is the glomerulus?
A tuft of capillaries
63
How do the kidneys function continuously?
By filtering blood and producing urine
64
In what units is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) expressed?
Millimeters per minute

A&P Term 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions